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CH17

APHY102

TermDefinition
aliment food
cari- decay
cec- blindness
chym- juice
decidu- falling off
frenul- bridle
gastr- stomach
hepat- liver
hiat- opening
lingu- tongue
peri- around
pyl- gatekeeper
rect- straight
sorpt- to soak up
vill- hairy
Mechanical digestion breaks large pieces of food into smaller ones without altering their chemical composition
Chemical digestion breaks food into nutrient molecules
The alimentary canal (from beginning to end) includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal canal
accessory organs include the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
The four layers of the alimentary canal starting with inner Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa/muscularis, serosa
mixing movements occurs when smooth muscle in small segments of the tube contracts rhythmically.
segmentation is a type of movement that aids mixing by alternately contracting and relaxing the smooth muscle in segments of the organ
Propelling movements include a wavelike motion called peristalsis in which a ring of contraction occurs in the wall of the tube and moves progressively along its length
submucosal plexus is important in controlling secretions by the gastrointestinal tract.
The myenteric plexus of the muscular layer is more extensive and controls gastrointestinal motility.
peristalsis the wavelike set of muscular contractions in the digestive tract that helps propel contents along
what are the effects of the sympathetic impulses on the digestive tract? Decreases peristalsis and secretions
root of the tongue is anchored to the hyoid bone
the largest of the major salivary glands parotid glands
salivary glands that are on floor of mouth submandibular, sublingual
The parts of the pharynx from top to bottom nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
bile contains water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and electrolytes
most abundant and are the only bile components that have a digestive function. bile salts
pear-shaped sac in a depression on the inferior surface of the liver gallbladder which is connected to the cystic duct, which in turn, joins the common hepatic duct.
formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts bile duct (common bile duct)
small intestine is made up of 3 portions: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.
duodenum lies posterior to the parietal peritoneum, is the shortest and most fixed portion of the small intestine
jejunum typically greater, and its wall is thicker, more vascular, and more active than that of the ileum.
ileum lymph nodules (Peyer’s patches) and a more diverse and extensive “microbiome”—the bacterial species that live in the human body.
mesentry fold of peritoneal membrane that attaches abdominal organs to the posterior abdominal wall
greater omentum drapes like an apron from the stomach over the transverse colon and the folds of the small intestine
chylomicrons large molecules of lipoprotein
what are the effects of parasympathetic impulses on the digestive system increases secretion and motility
colon the alimentary canal between the ileocecal junction and the beginning of the rectum
where is the ascending colon located between the cecum and the liver
feces pass from the sigmoid colon into the rectum
pharyngeal tonsils adenoids-posterior wall of the pharynx
permanent teeth replace milk or primary teeth
where can blood vessels and nerves be found in a tooth root canal
the enzyme that breaks down starch salivary amylase
Created by: ciqbal
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