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CH17
APHY102
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aliment | food |
| cari- | decay |
| cec- | blindness |
| chym- | juice |
| decidu- | falling off |
| frenul- | bridle |
| gastr- | stomach |
| hepat- | liver |
| hiat- | opening |
| lingu- | tongue |
| peri- | around |
| pyl- | gatekeeper |
| rect- | straight |
| sorpt- | to soak up |
| vill- | hairy |
| Mechanical digestion | breaks large pieces of food into smaller ones without altering their chemical composition |
| Chemical digestion | breaks food into nutrient molecules |
| The alimentary canal (from beginning to end) includes | the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal canal |
| accessory organs include | the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. |
| The four layers of the alimentary canal starting with inner | Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa/muscularis, serosa |
| mixing movements | occurs when smooth muscle in small segments of the tube contracts rhythmically. |
| segmentation is a type of movement that | aids mixing by alternately contracting and relaxing the smooth muscle in segments of the organ |
| Propelling movements | include a wavelike motion called peristalsis in which a ring of contraction occurs in the wall of the tube and moves progressively along its length |
| submucosal plexus is important in controlling | secretions by the gastrointestinal tract. |
| The myenteric plexus of the muscular layer is more extensive and controls | gastrointestinal motility. |
| peristalsis | the wavelike set of muscular contractions in the digestive tract that helps propel contents along |
| what are the effects of the sympathetic impulses on the digestive tract? | Decreases peristalsis and secretions |
| root of the tongue is anchored to the | hyoid bone |
| the largest of the major salivary glands | parotid glands |
| salivary glands that are on floor of mouth | submandibular, sublingual |
| The parts of the pharynx from top to bottom | nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
| bile contains | water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and electrolytes |
| most abundant and are the only bile components that have a digestive function. | bile salts |
| pear-shaped sac in a depression on the inferior surface of the liver | gallbladder which is connected to the cystic duct, which in turn, joins the common hepatic duct. |
| formed by the union of the common hepatic and cystic ducts | bile duct (common bile duct) |
| small intestine is made up of 3 portions: | the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. |
| duodenum | lies posterior to the parietal peritoneum, is the shortest and most fixed portion of the small intestine |
| jejunum | typically greater, and its wall is thicker, more vascular, and more active than that of the ileum. |
| ileum | lymph nodules (Peyer’s patches) and a more diverse and extensive “microbiome”—the bacterial species that live in the human body. |
| mesentry | fold of peritoneal membrane that attaches abdominal organs to the posterior abdominal wall |
| greater omentum | drapes like an apron from the stomach over the transverse colon and the folds of the small intestine |
| chylomicrons | large molecules of lipoprotein |
| what are the effects of parasympathetic impulses on the digestive system | increases secretion and motility |
| colon | the alimentary canal between the ileocecal junction and the beginning of the rectum |
| where is the ascending colon located | between the cecum and the liver |
| feces pass from the sigmoid colon into | the rectum |
| pharyngeal tonsils | adenoids-posterior wall of the pharynx |
| permanent teeth replace | milk or primary teeth |
| where can blood vessels and nerves be found in a tooth | root canal |
| the enzyme that breaks down starch | salivary amylase |
Created by:
ciqbal
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