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Chapter 9 Brittany S

Medical Terms

QuestionAnswer
valvul/o means valve.
atri/o means atrium
sept/o means septum.
ventricul/o means ventricle
cardi/o means heart.
coron/o means heart
aort/o means aorta (the vessel that carries blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation).
arteri/o means artery (muscular vessel that takes blood away from the heart).
ather/o means fatty plaque
phleb/o mean vein (vessels that take blood back to the heart).
ven/o mean vein (vessels that take blood back to the heart).
pectoralgia pain in the chest (not necessarily due to the heart)
angina pectoris chest pain due to irregular flow to the heart
palpitation rapid or irregular beating of the heart
arrhythmia irregular heartbeat
dysrhythmia irregular heartbeat
endocardium inner lining of the heart
myocardium middle layer of the heart, made of muscle
epicardium tissue lining the outside of the heart
pericardium tissue around the heart
The vena cava is a large-sized vein that returns blood the right atrium. It is divided into the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.
The superior vena cava collects blood from the head, neck, upper chest, and arms.
The inferior vena cava collects blood from everywhere else (the lower body regions).
diastolic pressure pressure on vessel walls while the heart is in diastole (relaxing)
systolic pressure pressure on vessel walls when the heart is in systole (contracting)
circulation moving blood through the vessels and back to the heart
systemic circulation circulation from the heart to everywhere except the lungs and heart
pulmonary circulation circulation from the heart through pulmonary vessels to pick up oxygen and then back to the heart
coronary circulation circulation to the heart muscle and then back to the heart (to the right atrium)
congestive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy heart cannot pump out all of the blood, causing the heart to become stretched and dilated and the pumping of blood to weaken/slow
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy enlarged heart muscle obstructs flow
restrictive cardiomyopathy stiffened heart muscle restricts filling, therefore amount of blood heart pumps is reduced
NSR normal sinus rhythm
A-fib atrial fibrillation (atrial not contracting; muscle is quivering)
SCA sudden cardiac arrest (heart not beating)
ASD atrial septal defect
VSD ventricular septal defect
MVP mitral valve prolapse (valve does not close properly, allowing blood to back flow into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts)
CO cardiac output (amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, measured in liters)
SV stroke volume (amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in one contraction, measured in milliliters)
ECHO echocardiogram
TEE transesophageal echocardiogram
CTA computed tomographic angiography
EKG electrocardiogram (the K comes the German spelling for heart – kardi/o)
MRA magnetic resonance angiography
CHF congestive heart failure (heart is weak and cannot pump effectively, causing blood to back up and cause congestion in veins)
MI myocardial infarction (heart muscle death, usually due to prolonged myocardia ischemia, which is usually due to CAD)
CAD coronary artery disease (presence of plaque in coronary artery that reduces blood flow to the heart muscle)
CABG coronary artery bypass graft
BP blood pressure (used to determine normotension, hypertension, and hypotension)
CTA computed tomographic angiography (use CT scan to obtain an x-ray of the coronary arteries)
MRA magnetic resonance angiography (use MRI to obtain image of coronary arteries)
PCI – percutaneous coronary intervention (procedures that are completed by threading tools into vessels and into the heart)
aneurysm an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall
cardiotonic is a substance that has favorable effect upon the action of the heart
stress electrocardiogram provides information about how the heart responds to physical stress
cardiac catherization procedure used to diagnose and treat certain cardiovascular conditions
daiphoresis sweating, especially to an unusual degree as a symptom of a disease or a side effect of a drug
murmur sound of blood flowing through the heart, due to anything from a healthy heart exertion during exercise to a diseased heart valve or other abnormality.
AA abdominal aortic aneurysm
DVT deep vein thrombosis
HTN hypertension
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