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CH35 CardiacDisorder
MOD IV Cardiac anatomy questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Deoxgenated blood goes from veins to what major vein? | Superior and inferior vena cavae |
| From the vena cava (VC) blood goes to what chamber of the heart? | RA = right atrium |
| From the RA what valve does blood pass thru? | Tricuspid |
| From the tricuspid what chamber does blood go to? | RV = right ventricle |
| what valve does blood go thru after the right ventricle | pulmonanary valve |
| Does blood from the pulmonic valve go thru pulmonary vein or artery? | Pulmonary artery (A = away from heart) |
| Blood in the pulmonary artery goes to what organ? | Lungs |
| From the lungs, blood re-enters the heart from what vein or artery? | Pulmonary veins |
| how many pulmonary veins are on each side of the heart | two |
| what chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins? | left atrium |
| what valve does blood pass through from the left atrium? | Mitral or bicuspid valve |
| blood from the LA and mitral enter what Chamber? | LV= Left ventricle |
| which chamber is the weakest and thinnest chamber? | RA |
| which chamber is the thickest and strongest contracting chamber? | LV |
| from the left ventricle, blood passes thru what valve and enters what main artery? | Aortic vavle to the Aorta |
| 4 chambers of the heart | RA, RV, LA, LV |
| What did Mrs. Gorcya tell us to remember which valve is on the right side of the heart? | Tricuspid = "Tri to do the RIGHT thing" |
| muscle wall that seperates the chambers | Septa |
| these seperate the atria from the ventricles | valves |
| RV and LV contractions are systole or diastole | systole |
| part of the LV where we can hear pulse | apex = apical pulse |
| systemic ciruclation transports to these organs for excretion | kidneys, liver, skin |
| side of the heart with the strongest pressure | left side |
| why is the left side of the heart stronger than we right side? | pumps blood to the systemic circulation |
| three layers of cardiac tissue | endo, myo, epi cardium |
| inner layer of cardiac tissue | endocardium |
| middle layer of cardiac tissue | myo |
| myocardium does what action of the heart | pumping action |
| outer layer of cardiac issue | epicardium |
| another name for epicardium | visceral pericardium |
| what is embedded in the epicardium | coronary arteries |
| purpose of valves | reatian blood in one chamber until next chamber is ready to receive it |
| valves keep blood flowing in one or two directins | one |
| valves open and close passively or actively | passively |
| valves open with changes in what two things | pressure and volume |
| when pressure BEHIND a valve is greater then the pressure ahead of it what occurs? | valves open (blood fills up chamber) |
| when does a valve close? | pressure after it is greater than pressure before it |
| name for both mitral and tricuspid | atrioventricular valve |
| during systole Mitral and tricuspids are open or closed? | closed (ventricle contraction = systole = blood full in ventricle chamber = greater pressure after the mitral or tricuspid valves) |
| during diastole, atrioventricular valves are open or closed | open (ventricles at rest = less pressure after atrioventricular valves) |
| name of both aortic and pulmonic valves | semilunar valves |
| semilunar valves are open and closed when? | open = systole; closed = diastole |
| heart sound heard when ventricles contract and artioventricular (mitral/tricuspids)valves close | Lub |
| dub is heard when? | ventricles relax = polarization; caused by closing of aortic and pulmonary valves (semilunar) |
| what artery is the first branch of the systemic circulation? | Coronary arteries |
| purpose of coronary artery | supply blood to mycardium and conductive tissues of the heart |
| name two major coronary arteries | left and right coronary arteries |
| coronary arteries arise from the aorta just beyond what valve | aortic valve |
| blood flow to coronary artiers occur when? | ventricles are at rest = diastole |
| coronary artery that supplies blood to the LA, most of the LV, and septum | left coronary artery |
| right coronary artery supplies to what areas | SA node, AV nodes, RA, RV, inferior part of LV |
| connections between two coronary arteries is called | collateral arteries |
| coronary collaterals develop over time as a result of | gradual coronary occlusion |
| Great cardiac vein follows the same path as what coronary artery | left anterior descending artery |
| small cardiac vein follows what coronary artery | right coronary artery |
| what is the largest coronary vein | coronary sinus |
| purpose of coronary sinus | returns dexoygenated blood from myocardium to RA |
| what stimulates heart contractions in a orderly fashion | nerves carrying impulses to the heart |
| the pacemaker node | SA node |
| what does the SA node do? | initiates impulses from atria to AV node |
| AV node impulses are sent where? | bundle of HIS |
| The bundle of His is made up of these cells | Purkinjie cells |
| terminal end of bundle of HIS that causes contractions | purkinjie fibers |
| Heart rate of SA node | 60-100 bpm |
| Heart rate of AV node | 40-60 |
| heart rate of purkinjie (ventricular) | <40 (book says 15-40) |
| Cardiac cells at rest are polarized or depolarized | polarized = resting = diastole = negative charge |
| Depolarized = systole or diastole | systole = contractions |
| two autonomic fibers that innervate the heart | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| This autonomoic fiber is distributed throughout the heart | sympathetic |
| sympathetic fibers increase ___, speed of __, and result is more forceful ____. | heart rate, conduction, contractions |
| Parasympatheic is part of the ___ nerve | vagus nerve |
| sympathetic is found everywhere, where is parasympathetic found (3 places) | SA, AV nodes, and atrial tissue |
| stimulation of parasympathetic fibers results in ___ heart rate, ___ conduction, ___ strength of contractions | slow, slow, decrease |
| Which autonomic fibers is the normal/dominant state (para or sympa) | Para |
| Contraction and relaxation of the heart make one heart beat called: | Cardiac cycle |
| what happens when ventricles are at resting phase (diastole) | fill up w/ blood coming from the atria |
| atrial kick | atria contract to eject more blood into the ventricles |
| if a person has a heart rate of 68 bpm, what is their cardiac cycle per minute | 68 |
| amount of blood ejected w/ each ventricular contraction | stroke volume |
| normal stroke volume is: | 60-100 mL |
| amount of blood in liters ejected by th heart per minute | cardiac output |
| what is the equation for determining cardiac output (CO) | CO = heart rate x stroke volume i.e. 60 bpm x 100 mL = 6000 CO |
| normal range of CO | 4-8 L/min |
| cardiac output changes/repsonds to: | increased demands of O2 and nutriets for infection, exercise, and stress |
| name 3 factors that affect stroke volume | preload, contractility, afterload |
| amount of blood remaining in a ventricle at the end of diastole or pressure generated at end of diastole | preload |
| increased preload results in increased ____ leading to increased ___. | stroke volume = increased Cardiac output(CO) |
| factors that increase preload | increased venous return and overhydration |
| factors that decrease preload | dehydration, hemmorhage (cause you are losing blodd and can't keep it in the ventricle), and venous dilation |
| The ability of cardiac muscle fibers to shorten and produce contraction | contractility |
| what is another name of a contractile state | intropy |
| factors that increase contractility have a postive or negative inotropic effect: | positive (remember, contraction = systole = positive) |
| factors decreasing contractility have what type of effect | negative inotropic effect |
| what condition/illness will you find w/ a pt. who has a negative inotropic effect? | MI |
| The amount of pressure/resistance ventricles overcome to eject blood volume | afterload |
| afterload increases when and descreases when | increases = vasoconstriction; decreases = vasodilation |
| amount of blood ejected (not in book, look up your notes)60-65% | ejection fraction |
| The only 2 interventions to increase O2 supply to the myocardium (heart muscle) are to: | increase coronary blood flow by coronary artery vasodilation; increase O2 in blood by administering O2 |
Created by:
Jgar2007
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