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Nervous System
102.8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Accessory | Also known as the 11th cranial nerve; controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles |
| Auriculotemporal | Extends to the ear and to the area from the top of the head to the temple |
| Autonomic Nervous System | system responsible for all involuntary body functions |
| Axons | threadlike fibers that take information away from the cell body in the form of nerve impulses |
| Brain | Organ that controls all three subsystems of the nervous system; referred to as the command center |
| Buccal | Extends to the muscles of the mouth |
| Central Nervous System | aka the cerebrospinal nervous system; composed of the brain and spinal cord; responsible for all voluntary body action |
| Cervical | Extends into the side and front of the neck to the breastbone |
| Cervical Cutaneous | Extends to the muscles on the side of the neck |
| Common Peroneal | Runs alongside the sciatic nerve from the femur to the buttocks, then ventures further down on its own along the knee and behind the fibula. The nerve then splits inside the neck of the fibula into the deep peroneal and superficial peroneal |
| Dendrites | threadlike fibers that bring information away to the cell body |
| Digital | Extends into the fingers of the hand |
| Enzymes | assists in breaking down food |
| Facial Nerve | Emerges from the brain at the lower pat of the ear and is the primary motor nerve of the face; also known as the seventh cranial nerve |
| Greater Auricular | Extends into the side of the neck and external ear |
| Greater Occipital | Extends up the back of the scalp to the top of the head |
| Infraorbital | Extends to the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip and mouth |
| Infratrochlear | Emerges on skin of the upper eyelid and side of the nose |
| Kidney | receives urea from liver and passes urea through nephrons |
| Lesser Occipital | Extends into the muscles at the back of the skull |
| Lungs | spongy organs composed of cells into which air enters when you inhale |
| mandibular nerve | the main nerve branch to the lower 1/3 of the face |
| marginal mandibular | Extends to the muscles of the chin and lower lip |
| maxillary nerve branch | the main nerve branch to the middle 1/3 of the face |
| median | Extends into the fingers of the hand |
| mental | Extends to the lower lip and chin |
| motor nerves | efferent nerves; carry messages from the brain to the muscles |
| nasal | Extends to the tip and lower side of the nose |
| nerve cell | Neuron; cells with long and short threadlike fibers called axons; responsible for sending messages in the form of nerve impulses |
| nerve tissue | Carries messages to and from the brain and coordinates body functions |
| Nervous system | Coordinates and controls the overall operation of the human body |
| Neuron | nerve cell; responsible for sending messages in the form of nerve impulses |
| Neuroscience | The study of the nervous system |
| peripheral nervous system | The study of the nervous system |
| peristalsis | twisting and turning motion of the esophagus |
| posterior auricular | Extends to the muscles behind and below the ear |
| radial | Extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand |
| receptors | sensory nerve endings that send sensory messages to the brain for processing |
| reflex action | Action caused by interaction of sensory and motor nerves |
| sciatic | Begins in the lower back and runs through the buttock and down the lower limb |
| sensory nerves | Also called afferent nerves; carry messages to the brain and spinal cord; determine the sense of touch, sight, smell, hearing and taste. |
| Skin | the body’s largest organ |
| small intestine | receives partially digested food from the stomach |
| spinal cord | Composed of long nerve fibers; originates in the base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine; holds 31 pairs of spinal nerves that branch out to muscles, internal organs and skin |
| stomach | digests food |
| supraorbital | Extends to the skin of the upper eyelid, eyebrow, forehead and scalp |
| supratrochlear | Extends to the skin of the upper side of the nose and between the eyes |
| sural | Runs down the back of the leg to the outside of the foot and little toe |
| temporal | Extends to the muscles of the temple, the side of the forehead, the eyebrow, eyelid and upper cheek |
| tibial | Passes behind the knee and the common peroneal nerve |
| trifacial nerve | the chief sensory nerve primarily responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and for controlling the motor nerve function of chewing |
| ulnar | Extends down the little-finger side of the arm into the palm of the hand |
| urea | waste product and major component of urine |
| villi | fingerlike projections of the intestine walls |
| zygomatic | Extends to the side of the forehead, temple and upper part of the cheek |
Created by:
jillianrush.aveda
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