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Quiz
Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 13, 14 & 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The products of the endocrine glands are | hormones |
| All hormones are transported in the body by the | blood |
| Oversecretion of the human growth hormone during childhood results in | gigantism |
| In order to produce thyroxin, the diet must contain | iodine |
| Insufficient secretion of thyroxin in infants and children can result in a disease called | cretinism |
| An excess of thyroxin can result in a condition known as | Grave's disease |
| In the absence of dietary iodine, the thyroid gland swells and produces a condition called | goiter |
| The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the | thyroid gland |
| Parathyroid hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands regulates they body's level of | calcium |
| The calcium regulating hormone made by the thyroid gland is called | calcitonin |
| The large glandular organ with both exocrine and endocrine functions of the abdominal cavity beneath the stomach is the | pancreas |
| Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas produces and insufficient supply of | insulin |
| Insulin promotes cell uptake of | glucose |
| The adrenal glands may be found on the superior borders of the | kidneys |
| An important hormone of the adrenal medulla which functions in the "fight or flight" response is called | epinephrine |
| The ovaries secrete estrogen and | progesterone |
| The red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are blood components known as | formed elements |
| The pH of the blood is usually about | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| The blood albumins are made by the | liver |
| The fluid portion of circulating blood is the | plasma |
| When the blood-clotting proteins are removed from the plasma, the plasma is then known as | serum |
| Among the major ions transported by the blood are calcium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and | sodium |
| The plasma proteins encourage the movement of water from the tissue fluids into the bloodstream; this process is known as | osmosis |
| The major pigment that transports oxygen within red blood cells is | hemoglobin |
| Red blood cells are also known as | erythrocytes |
| Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow through a process known as | erythropoiesis |
| Red blood cells circulate in the human bloodstream for approximately | 120 days |
| After breakdown, the hemoglobin pigment of red blood cells is first converted to a bile pigment known as | biliverdin |
| A lack of vitamin B12 may result in a condition known as | pernicious anemnia |
| Such things as X-rays and drugs may prevent the production of red blood cells, a condition called | aplastic anemia |
| A genetic defect encoding genes for hemoglobin may lead to crystallization of the hemoglobin and a deformity of the red blood cells to a C-shape. This is the disease known as | sickle cell anemia |
| An alternative name for white blood cells is | leukocytes |
| The white blood cells develop within the | red bone marrow |
| The accumulation of cholesterol substances within the inner wall of ta blood vessel encourages a condition called | atherosclerosis |
| A condition in which a blood clot moves from one part of the body to another is known as a | embolism |
| The heart enclosed within an area of the thorax known as the | mediastinum |
| The double-sac membrane that covers the heart is the | pericardium |
| The heart has three layers of tissue; the middle and thickest layer is called the | myocardium |
| The layer of the heart tissue lining the heart chambers and covering valve tissue is the | endocardium |
| The heart chambers are separated longitudinally by a body of tissue known as the | cardiac septum |
| The blood receiving chambers of the heart are the | atria |
| The pumping chambers of the heart are the | ventricles |
| Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by means of the | pulmonary veins |
| The large artery carrying blood to the body from the left ventricle of the heart is | aorta |
| Those blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are | arteries |
| Those blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are | veins |
| On the right side of the heart, the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the | tricuspid valve |
| On the left side of the heart, the bicuspid valve has two flaps and is also known as the | mitral valve (bicuspid valve) |
| The valves leading to the pulmonary trunk and aorta are both referred to as the | semilunar valves |
| Arteries supplying blood to the tissue of the heart are the | coronary arteries |
| A blockage in vessels supplying heart muscle may cause a | myocardial infarction |
| Because the sinoatrial node sets the pace for the autorhythmic cardiac muscle activity of the heart, it is commonly known as the | pacemaker |
| The QRS wave of an EKG represents the electrical activity of | ventricles contracting |
| The autorhythmic activity of the heart can be modified by a branch of the nervous system known as the | autonomic nervous system |
| Heart contraction is known by the alternate term of | systole |
| Relaxation periods of the heart when contractions are not occurring are known as | diastole |
| The heart normally beats each minute, approximately | 70 -75 times |
| Unusual heart sounds, such as those emitted by poorly functioning valves, are called | murmurs |
| The smallest vessels, which carry blood to the cells of the tissues are the | capillaries |
| An artery's lumen may be narrowed by | vasoconstriction |
| Dilated veins with pooled blood cause a condition known as | varicose veins |
| The pressure of the blood can be measured by an instrument known as a | sphygmomanometer |
| A typical blood pressure reading contains two numbers of which the first number is the systolic pressure and the second number is the | diastolic pressure |
| A rapid pulse reflects a rapid heart rate and a condition called | tachycardia |
| A slow pulse reflects a slow heart rate and a condition called | bradycardia |
| The regulatory center of the brain that maintains the flow of blood is a cluster of sympathetic neurons known as the | vasomotor center |
| Insufficient oxygen and nutrients delivered to the body cells may induce a condition known as | shock |
| The only artery of the body that carries oxygen-poor blood is the | pulmonary artery |
| The only vein of the body that carries oxygen-rich blood is the | pulmonary vein |
| The pattern of blood vessels within the brain is known as the | circle of Willis |
Created by:
brandydenton
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