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Quiz

Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 13, 14 & 15

QuestionAnswer
The products of the endocrine glands are hormones
All hormones are transported in the body by the blood
Oversecretion of the human growth hormone during childhood results in gigantism
In order to produce thyroxin, the diet must contain iodine
Insufficient secretion of thyroxin in infants and children can result in a disease called cretinism
An excess of thyroxin can result in a condition known as Grave's disease
In the absence of dietary iodine, the thyroid gland swells and produces a condition called goiter
The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Parathyroid hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands regulates they body's level of calcium
The calcium regulating hormone made by the thyroid gland is called calcitonin
The large glandular organ with both exocrine and endocrine functions of the abdominal cavity beneath the stomach is the pancreas
Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas produces and insufficient supply of insulin
Insulin promotes cell uptake of glucose
The adrenal glands may be found on the superior borders of the kidneys
An important hormone of the adrenal medulla which functions in the "fight or flight" response is called epinephrine
The ovaries secrete estrogen and progesterone
The red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are blood components known as formed elements
The pH of the blood is usually about 7.35 to 7.45
The blood albumins are made by the liver
The fluid portion of circulating blood is the plasma
When the blood-clotting proteins are removed from the plasma, the plasma is then known as serum
Among the major ions transported by the blood are calcium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sodium
The plasma proteins encourage the movement of water from the tissue fluids into the bloodstream; this process is known as osmosis
The major pigment that transports oxygen within red blood cells is hemoglobin
Red blood cells are also known as erythrocytes
Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow through a process known as erythropoiesis
Red blood cells circulate in the human bloodstream for approximately 120 days
After breakdown, the hemoglobin pigment of red blood cells is first converted to a bile pigment known as biliverdin
A lack of vitamin B12 may result in a condition known as pernicious anemnia
Such things as X-rays and drugs may prevent the production of red blood cells, a condition called aplastic anemia
A genetic defect encoding genes for hemoglobin may lead to crystallization of the hemoglobin and a deformity of the red blood cells to a C-shape. This is the disease known as sickle cell anemia
An alternative name for white blood cells is leukocytes
The white blood cells develop within the red bone marrow
The accumulation of cholesterol substances within the inner wall of ta blood vessel encourages a condition called atherosclerosis
A condition in which a blood clot moves from one part of the body to another is known as a embolism
The heart enclosed within an area of the thorax known as the mediastinum
The double-sac membrane that covers the heart is the pericardium
The heart has three layers of tissue; the middle and thickest layer is called the myocardium
The layer of the heart tissue lining the heart chambers and covering valve tissue is the endocardium
The heart chambers are separated longitudinally by a body of tissue known as the cardiac septum
The blood receiving chambers of the heart are the atria
The pumping chambers of the heart are the ventricles
Blood returns to the heart from the lungs by means of the pulmonary veins
The large artery carrying blood to the body from the left ventricle of the heart is aorta
Those blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are arteries
Those blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart are veins
On the right side of the heart, the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the tricuspid valve
On the left side of the heart, the bicuspid valve has two flaps and is also known as the mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
The valves leading to the pulmonary trunk and aorta are both referred to as the semilunar valves
Arteries supplying blood to the tissue of the heart are the coronary arteries
A blockage in vessels supplying heart muscle may cause a myocardial infarction
Because the sinoatrial node sets the pace for the autorhythmic cardiac muscle activity of the heart, it is commonly known as the pacemaker
The QRS wave of an EKG represents the electrical activity of ventricles contracting
The autorhythmic activity of the heart can be modified by a branch of the nervous system known as the autonomic nervous system
Heart contraction is known by the alternate term of systole
Relaxation periods of the heart when contractions are not occurring are known as diastole
The heart normally beats each minute, approximately 70 -75 times
Unusual heart sounds, such as those emitted by poorly functioning valves, are called murmurs
The smallest vessels, which carry blood to the cells of the tissues are the capillaries
An artery's lumen may be narrowed by vasoconstriction
Dilated veins with pooled blood cause a condition known as varicose veins
The pressure of the blood can be measured by an instrument known as a sphygmomanometer
A typical blood pressure reading contains two numbers of which the first number is the systolic pressure and the second number is the diastolic pressure
A rapid pulse reflects a rapid heart rate and a condition called tachycardia
A slow pulse reflects a slow heart rate and a condition called bradycardia
The regulatory center of the brain that maintains the flow of blood is a cluster of sympathetic neurons known as the vasomotor center
Insufficient oxygen and nutrients delivered to the body cells may induce a condition known as shock
The only artery of the body that carries oxygen-poor blood is the pulmonary artery
The only vein of the body that carries oxygen-rich blood is the pulmonary vein
The pattern of blood vessels within the brain is known as the circle of Willis
Created by: brandydenton
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