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Anatomy & Physiology
Weeks 7-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The first event to occur when an adequate stimulus is applied to a neuron is: | Some of the sodium channels at the point of stimulation open. |
| The neurotransmitter(s) that inhibit(s) the conduction of pain impulses is(are): | Enkephalins. |
| When an impulse reaches a synapse: | Chemical transmitters are released. |
| A synaptic knob would be located on a(n): | Axon |
| The only ion(s) that can diffuse across a neuron’s membrane when the neuron is at rest is (are): | Potassium. |
| Which neuron could transmit a nerve impulse the fastest? | A large-diameter neuron with myelin |
| The fastest nerve fibers in the body can conduct impulses up to approximately _____ meters per second. | 130 |
| The vomiting reflex is mediated by the: | Medulla |
| True or False: The preganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions are cholinergic. | True |
| Nerves that innervate the floor of the pelvic cavity and some of the surrounding areas are found in the _____ plexus. | Coccygeal |
| Impulses from the _____ play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum. | Thalamus |
| Damage to the _____ nerve could make the diaphragm unable to function. | Phrenic |
| If the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve were destroyed, a person would lose _____ related to that pathway. | Both reflex activity and sensation |
| A child was frightened by a large dog. The pupils of the child’s eyes became dilated, and the heart and respiratory rates increased. These symptoms were caused by stimulation of: | The sympathetic nervous system. |
| Nerve impulses over the _____ nerve cause increased peristalsis and decreased heart rate. | Vagus |
| Sensory impulses ending in what part of the CNS trigger imprecise or “crude” sensation awareness? | Thalamus |
| The receptors responsible for sensing crude and persistent touch are the: | Ruffini corpuscles. |
| What is progesterone? | Major hormone produced by the corpus luteum |
| When you are looking at a large green field, which cones would be sending the green wavelength to the brain? | Answer: M |
| When a small amount of one hormone allows a second hormone to have its full effect, the phenomenon is called: | Permissiveness. |
| The production of thyroid hormone is stimulated by another hormone from the: | Anterior pituitary. |
| One of the few hormones that functions on a positive-feedback loop is: | Oxytocin |
| All of the following are nonsteroid hormones except: A. Oxytocin. B. Calcitonin. C. Cortisol. D. Glucagon. | Answer: C |
| Endolymph. | The clear and potassium-rich fluid that fills the labyrinth |
| The olfactory tract carries impulses associated with: | Smell |
| The term blood type refers to the type of blood cell | Antigen |
| The heart begins beating in the fetus at about what stage of development? | After 4 weeks |
| Neutrophils are highly mobile and phagocytic. They migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces. This process is called | Diapedesis |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. | Protein molecules present |
| The mechanisms of which three hormones work together to regulate blood volume? | Aldosterone, ANH, and ADH |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. | Hematocrit |
| Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called | Inotropic factors. |
| The physiological mechanism that dissolves clots is known as | Fibrinolysis. |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is | Erythropoietin. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the | lymphocyte. |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. | Cell-mediated |
| The functions of the lymph nodes are | Defense and hematopoiesis. |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. | Thymocytes |
| Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it? A. cytotoxin B. phagotoxin C. lymphotoxin D. granulotoxin | Answer: C |
| The primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | Thymus |
| The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form | Effector T cells and memory cells. |
| By the time the blood leaves the lung capillaries to return to the heart, what percentage of the blood’s hemoglobin has united with oxygen? | 97% |
| About 98.5% of the oxygen carried by systemic arterial blood is attached to: | Hemoglobin. |
| The vital capacity is equal to the sum of the: | Inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. |
| The symbol HbNCOOH– is used for: | Carbaminohemoglobin. |
| If the tidal volume of a given individual is 500 ml, then the anatomical dead space is approximately _____ ml. | 150 |
| The approximate partial pressure of oxygen at standard atmospheric pressure is about _____ mm Hg. | 160 |
| Which type of breathing is characterized by repeated sequences of deep gasps and apnea, and is usually seen in people with increased intracranial pressure? | Biot’s breathing |
| If a person were skiing high up in the mountains, she might feel that she is having trouble breathing (getting enough oxygen in her blood). This is because the: | Lower atmospheric pressure lowers the PO2 and the diffusion gradient between the blood and the atmosphere is less. |
| Excessive fluid in the pleural cavity would be most likely to cause: | Decreased vital capacity. |
| Standard atmospheric pressure is _____ mm Hg. | 760 |
| Cellulose is a residue of digestion that comes from: | Carbohydrates |
| Rotavirus can cause what life-threatening condition in infants? | Diarrhea |
| Which blood vessel carries absorbed food from the GI tract to the liver? | Portal vein |
| Which of the following is not one of the openings that must be blocked when food moves from the pharynx into the esophagus? | Oropharynx |
| The major site for the absorption of the end products of digestion is the: | Small intestines |
| Glucose moves from the GI tract into the circulatory system by the process of: | Cotransport. |
| The enterogastric reflex causes: | Inhibition of gastric peristalsis |
| Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is(are) stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food? A. Intestinal phase B. Cephalic phase C. Gastric phase D. All of the above | Answer: B |
Created by:
Monica0278
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