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DNA
DNA and Mutations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the shape of DNA? | double helix |
| What is the backbone/sides of DNA made of? | alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphates |
| What are the rungs of DNA made of? | "pairs of bases (A |
| What is the base pair rule? | A pairs with T; C pairs with G |
| What is the DNA subunit (preAP only)? | "a nucleotide - it's made of a single base |
| What are proteins? | "'worker' molecules in your body (hormomes |
| What is a codon? | a DNA or RNA 'word' that is 3 nitrogen bases; gives info for 1 amino acid |
| what is a genetic mutation? | a change in the DNA sequence |
| What happens in DNA replication? | The DNA molecule goes through a copying process to make two identical DNA molecules. |
| What happens to the orginal DNA molecule during replication? | Each half/strand of it is used to make each new DNA molecule. |
| What molecule copies the DNA sequence and takes it to the ribosomes? | messenger RNA (mRNA) |
| What is a gene mutation? | a change in the DNA sequence of one gene. |
| Examples of genetic disorders caused by gene mutations | "sickle cell anemia |
| What is a chromosome mutation? | "Change in structure/number of chromosomes. Nondisjunction is when centromeres fail to separate in meisosis |
| What is an example of a chromosome mutation that results in a genetic disorder? | down's syndrome is a genetic disorder in which a person has 3 copies of chromosome 21 |
| What structure reads mRNA and assembles amino acids in the correct order? | ribosome |
| RNA is a ____ helix. What does the 'R' stand for? | It's a single helix. R is for ribose. DNA has deoxyribose for it's sugar. |
| What are the bases of RNA? | "it has a U (uracil) |
| How else is RNA different than DNA? | it's shorter and can leave the nucleus. |
| Genetic mutations can be ________ | "helpful |
| What has to happen for a genetic mutation to be passed on to offspring? | "They have to occur in your gametes (sperm/egg cells). If a skin cell |
| what is a genetic disorder? | an abnormal condition that an organism inherits from their parents. |
| What are proteins made of? | chains of amino acids (20 kinds) |
| What types of gene mutations are there? | "substitution |
| What happens in a substitution mutation? | "one base switches for another; one amino acid can change |
| What happens in an insertion? | one or more bases are added to the sequence; can alter every amino acids after the point; protein is too messed up to do its job. |
| What happens in a deletion? | one or more bases are removed from the sequence; can alter every amino acids after the point; protein is too messed up to do its job. |
| When will there be a frameshift? | "A frameshift happens when an insertion or deletion occurs |
Created by:
doakes27
Popular Genetics sets