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chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 99% of neurons are... | multipolar neurons |
| dendrites | carry impulse toward cell body |
| axon | carry impulse away from cell body |
| functions of PNS | connects the CNS to the rest of the body |
| function of the nervous system | receive stimulus |
| function of the nervous system | conduct impulses to and from CNS |
| function of the nervous system | interpret, make decisions, plan, store, etc |
| function of the nervous system | respond via muscles or glands |
| grey matter | unmyelinated neurons |
| intraneurons | process and transfer information to motor neurons |
| motor neurons | take information away from the spinal cord (to the muscles and glands) |
| multiple sclerosis | immune system destroys myelin sheath |
| myelin sheath | covers the axon of the nerve |
| bipolar neurons have .. | 2 processes |
| unipolar neurons have .. | 1 process |
| parts of CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| parts of PNS | cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
| sensory neurons | carry impulses from the sensory organs to the spinal cord and brain (CNS) |
| synapse | where two neurons communicate |
| threshold | lowest level of stimulus that you can detect (lowest smell, lowest pain, lowest touch, etc.) |
| white matter | myelinated neurons |
| 3 membranes that surround the CNS | meninges |
| vagus nerve | base of the brain, internal organs |
| the closer the nerve endings the.. | more sensitive |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| Central Nervous System | brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System | connects CNS to other parts of the body |
| DO | doctor of osteopathic medicine |
| MD | medical doctor |
| DC | doctor of chiropractic |
| Acupuncture | inserting needles at specific points on the body to cure disease and ease pain |
| Concussions | Mild TBI |
| Meningitis | inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord |
| Cerebral Palsy | loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms -- present at birth |
| Epilepsy | abnormal brain activity. results in seizures |
| Parkinson's | loss of dopamine |
| shingles | viral disease that affects the PNS and causes blisters on the skin |
| Ischemic Stroke | caused by blood clot that blocks or plugs blood vessel in the brain |
| most common type of stroke | ischemic stroke |
| Hemorrhagic Stroke | blood from an artery begins bleeding into the brain |
| Spina Bifida | birth defect, spinal cord extends out and is not protected by vertebrae |
| fight or flight neurotransmitter | adrenaline |
| Synapse | junction between two nerve cells, consiting of a minute gap which causes |
| Alcohol and Synapse | causes slow messages and slow reaction time |
| Nerve Gas | organic chemicals that disrupt mechanism of how nerves transmit impulses |
| Nerve Gas Damage | body losses control over muscles and it eventually causes death |
| endorphins | euphoria neurotransmitters |
| Endorphins | relieve pain and give pleasure |
| What produces endorphins | ultra excerise like long distance running, pain, laughter, being held and loved, placebo, meditation, and acupuncture |
| duplicate of cocaine | endorphins |
| Meninges | line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord. |
| Dura Mater | thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord |
| Arachnid Layer | middle layer of meninges, web like |
| Pia Mater | thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges |
| Reflex Arc | nerve pathway |
| Medulla Oblongata | reflex control center: coughing, sneezing, and thinking |
| ANS | autonomic nervous system |
| Autonomic nervous system | part of the PNS, kicks in when stressed |
| PNS | peripheral nervous system |
| peripheral nervous system | controls glands and the msucles of the internal organs. |
| sympathetic | stress, speeds up, fight or flight |
| parasympathetic | returns body to its normal state |
| Ivan Pavlov | classical conditioning |
| EEG | electroencephalogram; shows brains electrical activity |
| Neuroglia | surrounds and supports the neurons |
| Integrative Function | coordinates information to create sensations, memory, thoughts, and make decisions |
| Motor Function | decisions are acted upon. |
| Sensory Neurons | toward brain and spinal cord |
| Afferent Neurons | toward brain and spinal cord |
| Efferent Neurons | away from brain and spinal cord |
| Interneurons | neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally between the sensory outputs and motor inputs |
| motor neurons | neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands |
| all or none principle | refers to the fact that the action potential in the axon occurs either full blown or not at all. |
| Threshold | the lowest dose at which a particular response may occur |
| Refractory period | period of inactivity after a neuron has fired |
| Thick Myelinated Axon | 120 m/second |
| Thin unmyelinated axon | 0.5m/second |
| Cerebrum | largest part of the brain |
| divided into two hemispheres | cerebrum |
| Corpus Callosum | connects cerebral hemispheres |
| Left Side Controls | responsible for controlling the right side of the body. It also performs tasks that have to do with logic, such as in science and mathematics |
| Right Side Controls | hemisphere coordinates the left side of the body, and performs tasks that have do with creativity and the arts |
| long term memory | holds information for hours, days, weeks, or years. changes the neurons |
| Short term memory | holds a few items briefly, like the digits of a phone number while dialing |
| Thalamus | gateway to brain: all sensory passes through before going to cortex |
| Hypothalamus | maintains homeostasis by regulating visceral activies |
| limbic system | emotinal responses, feelings, and behaviors, fight or flight |
| Midbrain | cranial nerves attach |
| pons | helps regulate rhythm of breathing |
| dermatome | area of skin innervated by the sensory nerve fibers of a particular spinal nerve |
| C6 Dermatome | thumb |
| C7 dermatome | middle finger and middle of hand |
| C8 dermatome | medial arm and forearm to long ring and little finger |
| cranial nerves | 12 pairs |
| Olfactory Nerve | nerve that carries smell impulses from the nerve to brain |
Created by:
bcampbell20
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