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Lymphatic
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lymphatic system | consist of two semi-independent parts: (1) a meandering network of lymphatic vessels and (2) various lymphoid tissues and organs scattered throughout the body |
| edema | an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the body parts or tissues; causes swelling |
| lymphatic vessels | forms an elaborate drainage system that picks up excess tissue fluid |
| lymph | the watery fluid in the lymph vessels collected from the tissue spaces |
| lymph capillaries | spider web between the tissue cells and blood capillaries in the loose connective tissues of the body and absorb the leaked fluid (primarily water and a small amount of dissolved proteins). |
| right lymphatic duct | drains the lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax |
| thoracic duct | receives lymph from the rest of the body |
| lymph nodes | help protect the body by removing foreign material; a mass of lymphatic tissue |
| macrophages | engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances in the lymph before it is returned to the blood |
| lymphocytes | agranular white blood cells formed in the bone marrow that mature in the lymphoid tissue; respond to foreign substances in the lymphatic stream |
| lymphoid organs | organs in the lymphatic system including lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils |
| mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) | Peyer's patches, the appendix, and the tonsils are part of small lymphoid tissues; act as a sentinel to protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracks from the never-ending attacks of foreign matter entering those cavities |
| innate defense system | responds immediately to protect the body from all foreign substances, whatever they are |
| adaptive defense system | mounts the attack against particular foreign substances |
| immunity | the ability of the body to resist many agents that can cause disease; resistance to disease |
| lysozyme | an enzyme that kills bacteria |
| natural killer cells | can lyse and kill cancer cells, and some other nonspecific targets well before the adaptive arm of the immune system is enlisted to fight |
| inflammatory response | a nonspecific response that is triggered whenever body tissues are injured |
| histamine | a substance that causes vasodilation and increase vascular permeability |
| chemotaxis | movement of a cell along a chemical concentration gradient either toward or away from the chemical stimulus |
| pus | a mixture of dead or dying neutrophils, break-down tissue cells, and living and dead pathogens |
| phagocytes | cell capable of engulfing and digesting particles or cells harmful to the bod |
| antimicrobial proteins | enhance the innate defenses either by attacking microorganisms directly or by hindering their ability to reproduce |
| complement | a group of at least 20 plasma proteins that circulate in the blood in an inactive state |
| interferons | they help defend cells that have not yet been infected by secreting small proteins |
| fever | abnormally high body temperature, and is a systemic response to invading microorganisms |
| pyrogens | chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign cells or substances in the body |
| immune response | antigen-specific defenses mounted by activated lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) |
| humoral immunity | immunity provided by antibodies released by sensitized B cells and their plasma cell progeny. also called antibody-mediated immunity |
| cellular immunity | immunity conferred by lymphocytes called T cells; also called cell-mediated immunity |
| antigen | any substance-- including toxins, foreign proteins, or bacteria-- that, when introduced to the body, is recognized as foreign and activates the immune system |
| B lymphocytes | lymphocytes that oversee humoral immunity |
| T lymphocytes | non-antibody producing lymphocytes that constitute the cell mediated arm of the adaptive defensive system |
| active immunity | B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies |
| passive immunity | antibodies are obtained from someone else |
| antibodies | constitute the gamma globulin part of blood proteins; soluable proteins secreted by B cells |
| hypersensitivities | abnormally vigorous immune responses in which the immune system causes tissue damage as it fights off a percieved threat that would otherwise be harmless to the body |
| anaphylactic shock | when the allergen directly enters the blood and circulates rapidly through the body in susceptible individuals |
| immunodeficiencies | the production or function of immune cells or complement is abnormal |
Created by:
kpeeples
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