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Anatomy

Cell Structure - chapter 5

TermDefinition
Cytoplasm Uniform fluid filling spaces between plasma membrane and nucleus
Plasma Membrane Makes up the outer boundary of the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Small network located deep inside cytoplasm
Smooth ER *NO RIBOSOMES* Destroys toxins and changes glycogen into glucose
Rough ER has Ribosomes - rough appearance Facilitate production of phospholipids
Ribosomes Make proteins *aka protein factory ex - mRNA, tRNA
Golgi Apparatus Membranous organelle consisting of separate tiny sacs (cisternae) Processes and packages protein molecules for export from the cell
Lysosome Helps cell to break down unneeded proteins *aka cellular garbage disposal destroys MANY at a time
Prosteasomes Breaks down abnormal and misfolded proteins in cytoplasm that are no longer needed *Prevents abnormal cell function and disease Destroys ONE at a time
Mitochondria "power house of the cell" Extracts energy from nutrient molecules and uses it to build ATP
Nucleus Largest cell structure containing DNA and chromatin
Chromatin Tiny bundles of tangled threads sprinkled with granules
Cytoskeleton Cells internal supporting framework
What are a muscles smallest fiber? Microfilaments
Centrosome Region of the cytoplasm near nucleus that coordinates building/breaking apart of microtubules
Microtubules "engines" of a cell Moves things around the cell or moves entire cell
Microvilli Covers surface of a cell *found in lining of intestines, epithelial cells, and other areas of absorption
Cilia Cylinder composed of 9 double microtubules arranged around 2 microtubules in center
Desmosomes Hold adjacent cells together ex skin cells
Created by: timoryann06
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