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Ch. 4 terms
muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| functions of muscular system | make movement possible, hold the body erect, move food, blood, and other body fluids, produce heat |
| muscle fibers | long slender cells that make up muscles |
| fascia | band of connective tissue in muscles, is flexible; cover, support, and separate muscles |
| tendons | narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue, attaches muscle to bone |
| skeletal muscles | attach to the bones and make body movements possible, voluntary and striated |
| smooth muscle | located in the walls of internal organs, move and control the flow of fluids, involuntary, unstriated, and visceral |
| myocardial muscle | form the muscular walls of the heart |
| muscle innervation | stimulation of a muscle by an electrical impulse, muscle contracts |
| antagonistic muscle pairs | two muscles working in opposition to each other, e.g. biceps bends arm, triceps straightens arm |
| contraction | tightening of a muscle, it becomes shorter and thicker and the belly of the muscle enlarges |
| relaxation | muscle returns to original form, becomes longer and thinner and belly is not enlarged |
| abduction | movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
| flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a joint |
| extension | increasing the angle between two bones, or the straightening of a limb |
| elevation | raising or lifting of a body part |
| depression | lowering a body part |
| rotation | circular motion around an axis such as the shoulder joint |
| circumduction | circular movement at the far end of a limb, such as your wrist when you swing your arm around |
| supination | act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of foot is turned forward or upward |
| pronation | act of rotating arm or leg so palm or sole is turned downward |
| dorsiflexion | movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle, flexing your foot |
| plantar flexion | movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle, pointing your toes |
| origin | where a muscle begins, less moveable attachment |
| insertion | where the muscle ends, the more movable attachment |
| sternocleidomastoid | bends the neck and rotates the head, sterno/cliedo/mastoid |
| flexor carpi | bends the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends/straightens the wrist |
| levator anguli oris | raises the corners of the mouth, smile |
| depressor anguli oris | lowers the corners of the mouth, frown |
| pectoral | relating to the chest |
| pectoralis major | thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall |
| lateralis | toward the side |
| vastus lateralis | large muscle toward the outside of the leg, outside of thigh |
| medialis | toward the midline |
| vastus medialis | a muscle toward the midline of the leg, inside of thigh |
| oblique | slanted or at an angle |
| rectus | in straight alignment with vertical axis of body, up and down |
| sphincter | ring like muscle that constricts a passageway |
| transverse | across, left and right |
| biceps brachii | has two origins, bi/ceps |
| triceps brachii | has three origins, tri/ceps |
| gluteus maximus | largest muscle in the butt |
| deltiod muscle | shaped like a triangle, the greek letter delta, on the shoulder |
| hamstrings | back of the upper leg, named for how a bucher would hang a pig |
| gastrocnemius | calf muscle, shaped like a belly |
| dystonia | condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes involuntary movements, dys/ton/ia |
| hypotonia | condition of diminished muscle tone, hypo/ton/ia |
| myolysis | degeneration of muscle tone, myo/lysis |
| myorrhexis | rupture or tearing of a muscle, myo/rrhexis |
| sarcopenia | loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging, sarco/penia |
| bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement, brady/kines/ia |
| dyskinesia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in jerky movements, dys/kines/ia |
| hyperkinesia | abnormally increased muscle function or activity, hyper/kines/ia |
| spasmodic torticollis | stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side, torti/collis |
| myasthenia gravis | chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles, my/asthenia |
| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement, a/tax/ia |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen |
| myoparesis | weakness or slight muscular paralysis, myo/paresis |
| hemiparesis | slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body, hemi/paresis |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs and lower part of body, para/plegia |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all for extremities, quadra/plegia |
| cardioplegia | intentional and temporary cessation of cardiac activity, primarily for cardiac surgery |
| RICE | common first aid treatment of muscular injuries, Rest Ice Compression Elevation (not recommended anymore) |
| erector spinae | holds spine erect |
| abductor digiti minimi | |
| spinalis | muscles in the spine |
| inferior rectus | on the lower stomach, lower abs |
| esophageal sphincter | in throat |
Created by:
malloryharlan
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