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Cardio Lab
Heart crap for lab maybe
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fibrous pericardium | Outermost layer of the sac surrounding the heart that anchors the heart to the surrounding structures |
| Serous parietal pericardium | The outermost layer of the serous membrane around the heart that is functionally fused to the fibrous pericardium |
| Serous visceral pericardium | The inner layer of the serous membrane around the heart that is part of the heart wall; also called the epicardium |
| Pericardial cavity | A small potential space located between the two layers of the serous pericardium that contains serous fluid |
| Myocardium | The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue and a fibrous skeleton |
| Endocardium | Endothelium that lines the chambers and valves of the heart |
| Atria (right and left) | Small superior chambers of the heart that receive blood from veins |
| Ventricles (right and left) | Large inferior chambers of the heart that eject blood into the arteries |
| Tricuspid valve | Three-cusped structure between the right atrium and right ventricle that prevents the flow of blood back into the right atrium |
| Mitral (bicuspid) valve | Two-cusped structure between the left atrium and left ventricle that prevents the flow of blood back into the left atrium |
| All Bicuspid valve names | LAMB: Left Atrioventricular valve, Mitral Valve, (Bicuspid) |
| Pulmonary valve | Three-cusped structure between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk that prevents the flow of blood back into the right ventricle |
| Aortic valve | Three-cusped structure between the left ventricle atrium and aorta that prevents the flow of blood back into the left ventricle |
| Chordae tendineae | Fibrous cords attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves that anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles |
| Papillary muscles | Muscular projections from the ventricular walls that pull the chordae tendineae taut to prevent prolapse of the cusps of the atrioventricular valves |
| Superior vena cava | Large vein that carries blood from the superior half of the body to the right atrium |
| Inferior vena cava | Large vein that carries blood from the inferior half of the body to the right atrium |
| Pulmonary trunk | Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs |
| Pulmonary veins | Veins that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
| Aorta | Largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle into systemic circulation |
| Where do veins carry blood | Veis carry blood toward the heart. |
| Is the blood carried by veins generally oxygenated or deoxygenated? Does this rule have any exceptions? If yes, where? | Deoyxgnenated. Yes, exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical veins. |
| Where do arteries carry blood | Arteries carry blood away from the heart |
| Is the blood carried by arteries generally oxygenated or deoxygenated? Does this rule have any exceptions? If yes, where? | oyxgnenated. Yes, exceptions are the pulmonary and umbilical arteries. |
| Right ventricle ejects blood.. | into the pulmonary trunk when contracted |
| Left ventricle ejects blood | into the aorta when contracted |
| How does the Pulmonary valve differ structurally from the tricuspid valve? | It has three half-moon shaped cusps not attached to chordae tendineae. |
| Why is the left ventricle muscle thicker? | The left ventricle pumps against much higher pressure and therefore requires a higher muscle mass. |
| Trace blood, starting from Inferior/Superior venae cavae | ➜right atrium➜tricuspid valve➜right ventricle ➜pulmonary valve➜pulmonary trunk➜pulmonary arteries ➜ pulmonary arterioles ➜ pulmonary capillaries ➜ pulmonary venules ➜ pulmonary veins ➜ left atrium ➜ mitral valve ➜ left ventricle ➜ aortic valve ➜End: Aorta |
| The tricuspid and mitral valves are known as the | atrioventricular (AV) valves. |
| The two main branches of the left coronary artery are the ____ and the ____ | anterior interventricular artery; circumflex artery |
| The main vein that drains the coronary circulation is the | coronary sinus |
| Cardiac muscle cells are also known as_ ___. Adjacent cells are joined together by _____ , which allow the heart to _____ | cardiac myocytes; intercalated discs; contract as a unit |
| Auscultation | The process of listening to heart sounds |
| S1 | The first heart sound, caused by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular systole |
| S2 | The second heart sound, caused by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole |
| Tachycardia | A heart rate of greater than 100 bpm |
| Bradycardia | A heart rate of fewer than 60 bpm |
| Pulse point | Location point on the body where an artery can be palpated with the fingertips to determine the rate, rhythm, and regularity of the heartbeat |
| Systolic pressure | The pressure in the arteries during ventricular systole |
| Diastolic pressure | The pressure in the arteries during ventricular diastole |
| Sounds of Korotkoff | The sounds (heard by auscultation with a stethoscope) of turbulent blood flow resuming during a blood pressure reading |
| Sinoatrial node | A collection of pacemaker cells in the superior portion of the right atrium that acts as the normal pacemaker of the heart |
| Atrioventricular node | A collection of pacemaker cells located posterior and medial to the tricuspid valve that acts as the backup pacemaker of the heart |
| Purkinje fiber system | The final series of pacemaker cells that connects the atria to the ventricles and fans out to the ventricular myocytes |
| Electrocardiogram | A recording of the changes that occur in the electrical activity of cardiac muscles cells over a period of time |
| P wave | A wave on the ECG that shows the depolarization of the right and left atria |
| QRS complex | A series of waves on the ECG that represent the depolarization of the right and left ventricles |
| T wave | A wave on the ECG that represents the repolarization of the right and left ventricles |
| Dysrhythmia | A disturbance in the normal rhythm of the heart |
| ECG heart wave pattern | P-wave, P-R interval, QRS Complex, S-T segment, T-wave |
| P-R interval | the depolarization spreads through the atria to the ventricles via the AV node; period includes the AV node delay |
| S-T segment: | the ventricular plateau phase |
| Portion of the ECG just prior to the P wave | SA node depolarization |
| Small box on wave graph | .04 seconds |
| Large box on wave graph | .20 seconds |
| Five large boxes | 1 second |
| The heart sounds S1 and S2 are caused by | closing of the atrioventricular and semilunar valve |
| What takes place at capillary beds? | Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange |
| The amount of blood that flows to a tissue through capillary beds is called | |
| Blood pressure is determined by three factors: | (1) cardiac output and stroke volume , (2) peripheral resistance, or any impedance to blood flow, which is determined largely by the degree of 'vasoconstricton or vasodilation' in the systemic blood vessels; and (3) the blood volume |
| The pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting is the | systolic pressure |
Created by:
Devtemrys
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