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Module E (Quizlet 3)
Technical Escort - Radiological Operations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name surface burst features | Detonated on or close enough to the earth's surface that fireball makes contact with it, causes largest, long-term battlefield hazard, near and contact effects and identified by dark, dirty mushroom like stem and cloud |
| Name surface burst features | Produces significant amount of fallout, the greatest amount of radiation is found and overall effects are reduced as compared to an airburst |
| Near (surface) features | The fireball touches the surface of the earth but not the center of the fireball, will produce radioactive fallout and Neutron, induced gamma activity (NIGA) |
| (Surface) contact burst features | Creates a crater, significant fallout hazard and devastating effects against buildings and underground facilities |
| Subsurface burst features | Primarily used in weapons testing, 157 countries have signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (Sub-surface tests only) and most energy goes into crater formation and/or ground shock |
| Subsurface burst features | Takes place beneath the earth's surface, may or may not rupture the surface (depth/yield) and localized radiation will be significant if the blast ruptures the surface |
| Shallow subsurface burst features | Ruptures surface of the ground, energy vented reduces ground shock and significant residual radiation |
| Deep subsurface burst features | Does not rupture the surface, energy transformed into ground shock or earthquake like effects and greatly reduced radiation signature |
| What are the five blast effects? | Thermal effects, nuclear radiation, initial radiation, residual radiations and electrical psychological |
| What is the distribution of energy PIN wheel? | Blast is 50%, thermal radiation/heat is 35%, residual radiation is 10%, initial radiation (first 60 sec) is 4% and EMP is 1% |
| What are the wind effects of a nuclear blast? | Static, dynamic, positive and negative pressure |
| Static (peak) over-pressure definition | Once the over-pressure peaks, air rushes back to fill the vacuum created by the dynamic pressure wave. This creates a second dragging defect, back toward GZ |
| Dynamic pressure definition | Extreme winds travel outward from the point of burst (GZ) and cause a dragging effect on all objects in the blast area |
| Positive pressure definition | As the blast wave travels away from its source, the pressure steadily increase in all directions |
| Negative pressure definition | Occurs when the pressure behind the blast wave (static) falls below the positive (dynamic) pressure pressing outward in the surrounding atmosphere |
| What are the four biological effects from a nuclear blast? | Missile, crushing and translational injuries & concussive effect |
| Residual radiation definition | Released later than 60 seconds after detonation |
| Name electrical effects of a nuclear blast | High altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP), EMPs, transient radiation effects on electronics, and blackouts |
| Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) definition? | Strong radio waves of short duration, damages electronic equipment by causing electrical surges |
| What are the protective measures against radiation | Time, distance and shielding |
Created by:
JeromeTalley
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