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Anatomy: Orientation
Anatomical Terms and Body Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Integumentary | skin, hair, nails |
| Skeletal | bones, cartilage, ligaments |
| Muscular | skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles |
| Nervous | brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves |
| Endocrine | glands (pancreas, adrenals, pituitary) |
| Cardiovascular | heart, blood vessels |
| Respiratory | lungs, trachea, pharynx |
| Lymphatic | lymph nodes, thymus, spleen |
| Digestive | stomach, intestines, esophagus |
| Urinary | kidneys and bladder |
| Reproductive | testes or ovaries |
| Anterior (Ventral) | toward the front / belly |
| Posterior (Dorsal) | Toward the back |
| Cranial | Toward the head |
| Caudal | Toward the tail |
| Medial | Toward the midline |
| Lateral | Toward the sides |
| Superficial | Near the surface of the body or organ |
| Deep | Toward the center of the body or organ |
| Superior | Above some other body part |
| Inferior | Below some other part |
| Supine | Face up |
| Prone | Face down |
| Root: Cubit | elbow, forearm |
| Root: Carp- | Wrist |
| Root: Pect- | chest, breast |
| Root: Cervic- | neck, cervix |
| Root: Cephal (o/a)- | Head |
| Root: Ante- | Before |
| Root: Bucc(o/a)- | Cheek |
| Root: Cox(o/a)- | Hip |
| Root: Glut(e/eo)- | Buttocks |
| Root: Axill(o/a)- | Armpit |