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The Digestive Sys
The Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why does food have to be digested before cells can use it? | It has to be broken down into particles small enough to pass through the plasma membrane of cells. |
| What is the name of the large serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the organs it contains? | Peritoneum |
| What are the four layers of the digestive tract wall? | mucous membrane (mucosa), a submucosa, smooth muscle (muscularis externa), and a serous membrane (serosa) |
| Which form of motility occurs in the esophagus? In the small intestine? | Peristalsis- esophagus. Segmentation in the small intestine. |
| What type of food is digested in the stomach? | Proteins |
| What are the three divisions of the small intestine? | Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. |
| How does the small intestine function in the digestive process? | Most digestion takes place in the small intestine. Most absorption of digested food and water also occurs in the small intestine. |
| What are the functions of the large intestine? | Reaborbs some water and stores, forms, and elimates the stool. It also houses bacteria that provide some vitamins. |
| What are the names and locations of the salivary glands? | The salivary glands are the parotid, anterior and inferior to the ear; submandibular (submaxillary), near the body of the lower jaw; and sublingual, under the tongue. |
| Which accessory organ secretes bile, and what is the function of bile in digestion? | Liver. Bile emulsifies fats, (breaks it down into smaller particles) |
| What is the role of the gallbladder? | Stores bile and contracts to release it into the duodenum. |
| What accessory organ secretes sodium bicarbonate, and what is the function of this substance in digestion? | The pancreas. Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidic chyme from the stomach. |
| What is an enzyme? | A catalyst that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction. |
| What process means "splitting by means of water," as in digestion? | Hydrolysis |
| Which organ produces the most complete digestive secretions? | Pancreas |
| What is absorption? | The movement of digested nutrients into the circulation. |
| What are two types of control over the digestive process? | Nervous control and hormonal. |
| What is the difference between hunger and appetite? | Hunger is the desire for food that can be satisfied by the ingestion of a filling meal. Appetite is a desire for food that is unrelated to a need for food. |
| What are six common diseases of the mouth and teeth? | Caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, Vincent disease, oral thrush, and parotitis. |
| What does GERD stand for? | Gastroesophageal reflux disease. |
| Which two diseases fall into the category of inflammatory bowel disease? | Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis |
| What are the two forms of constipation? | Flaccid and spastic. |
| What is hepatitis? | Inflammation of the liver. |
| What is the common term for cholelithiasis? | Gallstones |
| AB | AWAY FROM |
| ENTERO | INTESTINE |
| MESO | MIDDLE |
| GASTRO | STOMACH |
| AMYLO | STARCH |
| BILI | BILE |
| CYSTO | BLADDER, SAC |
| HEPATO | LIVER |
| LINGUO | TONGUE |
| CHOLE | BILE, GALL |
| LITH | STONE |
| ODONTO | TOOTH |
| RHEA (R IS DOUBLED WHEN ADDED TO A WORD) | FLOW, DISCHARGE |
| The wavelike movement of the digestive tract wall is called | peristalsis |
| The small intestine is connected to the posterior abdominal wall by | mesentery |
| The liver can store glucose in the form of | glycogen |
| The parotid glands secrete | saliva |
| Inflammation of the gallbladder is termed | cholecystitis |
| Digests starch | amylase |
| Begins protein digestion | pepsin |
| Digests fats | lipase |
| Splits protein into amino acids | trypsin |
| Emulsifies fats | bile salts |
| The teeth break up food into small parts by a process called? | mastication |
| Which organ secretes hydrochloric acid and pepsin? | stomach |
| What is the main substance of a tooth? | dentin |
| What is the soft, fleshly V-shaped mass of tissue that hangs from the soft palate called? | uvula |
| What is the scientific name for tooth decay? | caries |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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