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LOM Ch. 10
the nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epilepsy | chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity |
| Meningitis | inflammation of the meninges, caused by bacteria or a virus |
| Bell's Palsy | paralysis of one side of the face, usually caused by a virus |
| Dementia | mental decline and deterioration |
| Synapse | space through which a nerve impulse is transmitted form one neuron to another, or from a neuron to a cell |
| -encephal/o | brain |
| kines/o | movement |
| mening/o | membranes, meninges |
| neur/o | nerve |
| my/o | muscle |
| vag/o | vagus nerve(10th cranial nerve) |
| radicul/o | nerve root (of spinal nerves) |
| tax/o | order, coordination |
| myel/o | spinal cord(means bone marrow in other contexts) |
| esthesi/o | feeling , nervous sensation |
| Axon | microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell |
| dendrite | microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse |
| -algesia | excessive sensitivity to pain |
| -paresis | weakness |
| -phasia | speech |
| -ptosis | droop, sag, prolapse |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -sthenia | strength |
| -praxia | action |
| Aneurism | enlarged, weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture leading to CVA(stroke) |
| Embolus | a mass(clot) of material travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel |
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends(synapses) of nerve cells |
| Astrocyte | a type of glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries |
| Nerve | macroscopic cordlike collection of fibers(axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS |
| Myasthenia gravis (MG) | autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles |
| syncop/o | to cut of, cut short |
| Aura | peculiar sensation before onset of a seizure |
| Alzheimer disease (AD) | brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration with personality changes and difficulty with daily tasks |
| Herpes zoster (shingles) | viral infection affecting peripheral nerves |
| Spina bifida | congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts(neural tube defects) |
| Parkinson disease | degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, characterized by tremors, weakness of muscles, and slow movement |
| Sciatic nerve | |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | stroke, disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain |
| lept/o | thin, slender |
| thec/o | sheath(refers to meninges) |
| -lepsy | seizure |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem |
| Positron emission tomography (PET) scan | computerized radiologic technique using radioactive glucose to image the metabolic activity of cells |
| Electroencephalography (EEG) | recording of electrical activity of the brain |
| Lumbar puncture (LP) | spinal fluid is drawn by needle to diagnose or relieve pressure on the brain (taken from between two lumbar vertebrae |
| Blood-brain barrier (BBB) | blood vessels(capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out |
| Central nervous system (CNS) | consists of the brain and the spinal cord |
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | protects the brain and spinal cord from shock by acting like a cushion |
| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | temporary interference with the blood supply to the brain |
| Gait | manner of walking |
| Peripheral Nervous System(PNS) | cranial nerves, spinal nerves, |
| Afferent | carry messages toward the brain; sensory nerves |
| Efferent | carry messages from the brain to the muscles; motor nerves |
| Plexus | large network of nerves in the PNS |
| tic | involuntary movement of a small group of muscles, as of the face, characteristic of Tourette syndrome |
| Tourette syndrome | involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements, uncontrollable vocal sounds and inappropriate words cause is unknown |
Created by:
Marshaherrera
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