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Anat1 - Muscle A&P
(Week 4)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The three types of muscle tissue are: | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| _______ and _______ muscle cells are elongated and are called muscle fibers. | skeletal, smooth |
| Muscle contraction depends on two kinds of myofilaments -- _______ and _______. | actin, myosin |
| _______ muscle tissue has obvious striations, is controlled voluntarily, contracts rapidly but tires easily, and is responsible for overall body motility. | skeletal |
| _______ muscle tissue only occurs in the heart, and is striated but not voluntary. | cardiac |
| _______ muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow visceral organs, is not striated, and is involuntary. | smooth |
| The function of skeletal muscles are: | locomotion, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat |
| The function of cardiac muscle is: | coursing the blood through the body |
| The function of smooth muscle is: | maintain blood pressure, squeeze/propel substances through organs |
| Muscle _______ are elongated multinucleate cells with striations, surrounded by endomyceum. | fibers |
| Muscle _______ are discrete bundles of muscle cells surrounded by perimysium. | fascicles |
| Each individual muscle is a collection of _______ bound together | fascicles |
| _______: an overcoat of dense regular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle | epimysium |
| _______: fibrous connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle fibers called fascicles | perimysium |
| _______: fine sheath of connective tissue composed of reticular fibers surrounding each muscle fiber | endomysium |
| Most skeletal muscles span _______ and are attached to _______ in at least ____ places. | joints, bone, 2 |
| When muscles contract the movable bone, the muscle's _______ moves toward the immovable bone, the muscle's _______. | insertion, origin |
| In extremities, the _______ is typically proximal to the _______. | origin, insertion |
| Muscles attach directly to bone when the _______ of the muscle is fused to the _______ of a bone or perichondrium of cartilage. | epimysium, periosteum |
| Muscles attach _______ when the connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a tendon or aponeurosis that anchors muscle to the connective tissue covering of bone, cartilage, or the fascia of other muscles. | indirectly |
| Contracting muscle fibers require a continuous delivery of _______ and _______ via arteries. | oxygen, nutrients |
| ________: the smallest contractile unit of a muscle | sarcomeres |
| ________: densely packed, rodlike contractile elements that make up most of the muscle volume. | myofibrils |
| The major muscle that produces a specific motion or maintains a specific posture is called a _______ _______. | prime mover |
| A _______ leads to a movement in the same direction which helps the prime mover function more efficiently by reducing unnecessary movement. | synergist |
| Muscle that counteracts the prime mover (lengthening when the prime mover contracts) is called a(n) _______. | antagonist |
| _______ work to stabilize the origin of the prime mover so that the prime mover can act more efficiently or eliminate unwanted motions. | stabilizers or fixators |
| Muscles that fix a joint in a given position during the movement of other joints are called _______. | fixators |
| The _______ _______ is the large mass of muscle that powers the work of the movement. | muscle belly |
| _______ contraction: muscle tension increases | isometric |
| _______ contraction: muscle length changes | isotonic |
| Muscles that control fine movements (fingers, eyes) have _______ motor units. | small |
| Large weight-bearing muscles (thighs, hips) have _______ motor units. | large |
| _______ _______ is the constant, slightly contracted state of all muscles, which does not produce active movements. | Muscle tone |
| The two types of isotonic contractions are _______ and _______. | concentric (the muscle shortens and does not work), eccentric (the muscle lengthens as it contracts) |
| In _______ chain joint movements, the proximal joint member is fixed or stable while the distal member moves. | open |
| In _______ chain joint movements, the distal joint member is fixed or stable while the proximal member moves. | closed |
| Reaching to grasp an object in space, or kicking a ball are examples of _______ chain movements. | open |
| The stance phase of walking involves _______ chain movements, as do riding from a chair or performing a pull up. | closed |
Created by:
sdouglass
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