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Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | shorten with force |
| Excitability | capacity to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil their original length |
| Muscles | help to produce heat essential |
| Epimysium | connective tissue sheath |
| Fascia | connective tissue |
| Surrounds and separates muscles | Epimysium |
| a muscle composed of numerous bundles | Fasciculi |
| surrounded by loose connective tissue | Perimysium |
| fasciculi composed of single muscle cells | fibers |
| myofilbrils | threadlike structure |
| 2 kinds of protein fibers | actin and myosin myofilaments |
| actin | thin 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together |
| myosin | thick bundles of minute golf clubs |
| actin and myosin | form units called sarcomeres |
| Sarcomeres | joined end to end to form myofibril |
| each sarcomeres | extends from one Zline to another Zline |
| Z line | attachment site for actin |
| light area | I band |
| I band | consist of actin |
| A band | extends length of myosin |
| Center | Light area is the H zone |
| H zone | only myosin |
| myosin | in the center is also a dark staining band is M line |
| outside cell membranes | positively charged |
| inside cell membranes | negatively charged |
| resting membrane potential | charge difference |
| action potential | the reversal back for the charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells carry action to muscle fibers |
| axons | enter the muscles and branch |
| neuromuscular junction | branch that connects to the muscle |
| synapse | center of the cell |
| motor unit | single motor and skeletal muscle fibers |
| Enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between presynaptic terminal and muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal | synaptic vessels |
| synaptic vessels secrete neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| sliding actin past myosin | sliding filament mechanism |
| H and I bands | shorten |
| A bands | dont change in length |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle |
| stimulus reaches a level | threshold |
| muscle fiber contact maximally | all or none response |
| all or none response | phenomenon |
| lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time during the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| produced in the mitochondria | ATP |
| is short lived and unstable | ATP |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
| isometric | length doesnt change |
| isotonic | length does change |
| muscle tone | tension produced by muscles of the body |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest |
| between the origin and the insertion | Belly |
| some muscles | have multiple origins or head |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opppsition to one another | antagonists |
| prime mover | group of synergists |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| puckers the lips | orbbicularis |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of tongue |
Created by:
Bmwalke4
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