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ch.6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| able to shorten with force | contractility |
| capacity of a skeletal muscle to respond to stimulus | excitability |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil | elasticity |
| connective tissue sheath that surrounds the skeletal muscle | epimysium |
| connective tissue located outside of the epimysium | fascia |
| loose connective tissue that covers the fascicle | perimysium |
| fasciculi or fascicle are composed of single muscle cells called | fibers |
| connective tissue sheath that covers each fiber | endomysium |
| threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to another | myofibrils |
| thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| the basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | sarcomere |
| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back to charge | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| axons enter the muscles and and branch, each branch that connects to the muscle forms a what | neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| the muscle between the presynaptic terminal | postsynaptic terminal |
| synaptic vessicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetylcholine |
| diffuses across he synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing a change in the postsynaptic cell | acetylcholine |
| acetycholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzyme called | acetylcholinesterase |
| sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of an entire muscle | muscle twitch |
| the point the muscle fiber will contract maximally | threshold |
| time between application of a stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| needed for energy contraction, produced in the mitochondria | atp (adenosine triphosphate) |
| the plus phosphate | adp (adenosine diphosphate) |
| without respiration | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | oxygen debt |
| results when atp is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue |
| (equal distance) length of the muscle does not change | isometric |
| (equal tension) amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant | isotonic |
| refers to the constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time, keeps head up and back straight | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin (head) |
| end of the muscle undergoing and greatest movement | insertion |
| muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement it is | prime mover |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscles |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| intrinsic tounge muscles | change the shape of the tounge |
| extrinsic tounge muscles | move the tounge |
| lateral neck muscle, prime mover,rotates and abducts the head | sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back, responsible for keeping back straight and body erect | erector spinae |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| accomplishes quiet breathing, dome shaped muscle, aids in breathing | diaphragm |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm "swimmer muscles" | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb | deltoid |
| extends forearm, occupies posterior compartment of the arm | triceps brachii |
| flexes forearm, occcupies anterior compartment of the arm | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
Created by:
mackmarieee
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