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Anatomy Ch.6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ability to shorten with force | contractility |
| capacity to respond to stimulus | excitability |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity |
| Why do muscle produce heat? | maintain normal body temperature |
| surrounds each skeletal muscle | epimysium |
| epimysium | connective tissue sheath |
| located outside the epimysium | fascia |
| fascia | surrounds and separates muscles |
| composed of fascicle | a muscle |
| surrounds the visible bundles of the muscle | perimysium |
| Fasciculi are composed of | fibers |
| fibers are | single muscle cells |
| each muscle fiber is | a single cylindrical cell |
| What does each muscle fiber contain? | several nuclei |
| surrounds each fiber | endomysium |
| endomysium | connective tissue sheath |
| cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| myofribils are | a threadlike structure that connects one end of the fiber to the other |
| How many major kinds of protein fibers do mypfibrils consist of? | 2 |
| thin myofilaments | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| Actin myofilaments resemble | pearls twisted together |
| Myosin myofiliments resemble | bundles of golf clubs |
| What are the 2 protein fibers that are in the mtofibrils? | Actin and myosin myofilaments |
| highly formed units made form actin and myosin myofilaments | sarcomeres |
| joined end to end to form what? | myofibril |
| The sarcomere is | the basic structural and functional unit of the muscle |
| The z line is the attachment site for what? | a actin |
| A sarcomere extends from what? | one z line to another z line |
| one each side of the z line there is a light area called an | I band |
| What does the I band contain? | actin |
| What is the darker central region of the sarcomere? | the a band |
| What does the a band contain? | myosin |
| What lies between two A bands? | the H zone |
| What does the H zone contain? | myosin |
| What extends from the H zone? | the M line |
| What does the M line contain? | myosin |
| The outside of most cell membranes are | positively charged |
| The inside of the cell membrane is | negatively charged |
| The change difference across the membrane is called | the resting membrane potential |
| The brief reversal back of a stimulated muscle is called | action potential |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| Where do axons enter? | the muscles |
| What branches and connects to muscle forms? | axons |
| What does each branch and connected muscle form? | neuromusclular junction |
| Another name for neuromusclular junction | synapse |
| Where is the synapse located? | near the center of the cell |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called | a motor unit |
| What do many motor units form? | a single muscle |
| What forms a neuromusclular junction? | an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle membrane |
| What is the enlarged nerve terminal? | the presynaptic terminal |
| What is the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell called? | synaptic cleft |
| the muscle fiber is called the | postsynaptic terminal |
| What does each presynaptic terminal contain? | synaptic vesicles |
| What do the synaptic vesicles secrete? | a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine |
| Where does the acetylcholine diffuse? | across the synaptic cleft |
| What does the acetylcholine bind to? | the postsynaptic terminal |
| What does the acetylcholine change? | the postsynaptic cell |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin of the lateral corners of the eye | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks (trumpeter's muscle) | buccinator |
| what are the two kissing muscles? | the orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering muscle | levator labii superious |
| frowning muscle | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing | mastication |
| How many mastication muscles? | 4 pairs (2 pairs of pterugoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| change the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| moves the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| lateral neck muscle, prime mover, and rotates and abducts the head | sternocleidomastoid |
| relaxes muscle | acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments durin contraction are called? | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes action potential in one or more muscle fibers? | muscle twitch |
Created by:
pmay2
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