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Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity |
| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
| Connective tissue located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi | perimysium |
| Fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells | fibers |
| Each fiber is surrounded by a connective sheath | endomysium |
| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| Thin myofilaments. They resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together | actin myofilaments |
| Thick myofilaments. They resemble bundles of minute golf clubs | myosin myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units | sarcomeres |
| basic structural and functional unit of a muscle | sacromere |
| sacromere extends from | one z line to another z line |
| On each side of the z line is a light area | I band |
| The A band extends the length of the ________. It is the darker region in each sacromere. | myosin |
| In the center of each sacromere is another light area. Consists of only myosin | H zone |
| The myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called | The M line |
| The charge difference across the membrane is called | resting membrane potential |
| When a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics change briefly | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| Axons enter the muscles and branch. Each branch that connects to muscle forms a | Neuromuscular junction or synapse |
| single mototr neuron and skeletal muscle fibers that innervates it | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
| in each presynaptic terminal | synaptic vesicles |
| neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| acetylcholine between the neuron and muscle cell is broken down by __________ enzymes. | acetylcholinesterase |
| the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus | muscle twitch |
| muscle fiber wont respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a certain level called ___________. | threshold |
| muscle fiber will contract maximally | all or none response |
| time between a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of contraction | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| when the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction. produced in the mitochondria. short lived and unstable. | ATP |
| more stable and plus phosphate | ADP |
| high energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | Aerobic respiration |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish creatine phosphate in muscle cells | oxygen debt |
| ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue |
| amount of tension that increases during the contraction process | isometric |
| muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | isotonic |
| tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly. perform anaerobic metabolism. | Fast twitch fibers |
| contract slowly. aerobic metabolism | slow twitch fibers |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the ___________. | belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| A muscle that plays a major role in movement | prime mover |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
| A group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight | Trunk muscles. Erector Spinae |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals |
| Accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome shaped muscle. Aids in breathing | diaphragm |
| Anterior abdominal wall flex and rotate the vertebral column, compress the abdominal cavity, and hold in the abdominal viscera. | Abdominal wall muscles |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall. White connective tissue rather than muscle. | linea alba |
| On each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominus |
| cross the rectus abdominus at three or more locations, causing the abdominal wall of a well muscled person to appear segmented. | tendinous inscriptions |
| layers of muscle from superficial to deep | external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, and transverses abdominis muscles. |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| The arm is attached to the thorax by the | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles |
| adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerous to the scapula | deltoid |
| extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm | Triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
| strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons | retinaculum (bracelet) |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| 19 hand muscles | intrinsic hand muscles |
| hip muscle and common injection site | gluteus medius |
| extends the leg | quadriceps femoris |
| flexes the thigh | sartorius |
| posterior thigh muscles | hamstring |
| form the calf muscle | gastrocnemius and soleus |
| Lateral muscles of the leg | peroneus |
| 20 muscles located within the foot | intrinsic foot |
Created by:
MorganBaldwin01
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