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Eastham Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil |
| epimysium | connective tissue sheath |
| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| fibers | muscle cells |
| fasciculi | numerous visible bundles |
| endomysium | single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one fiber to the other |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | highly ordered units |
| the basic structural and functional unit | sarcomeres |
| z line | Z line is an attachment site for actin |
| where do sarcomeres extend from | from one Z line to another Z line |
| what do actin and myosin look like? | actin and myosin give a banded appearance |
| what is a z line called | I band |
| what does the z line consist of | actin |
| what does the A band do | extends the length of myosin |
| what is the a band? | darker central region of each sarcomere. |
| light area in a sarcomere | h line |
| what is in the h line | myosin |
| myosin myofilaments | center of the sarcomere |
| dark staining band | M line |
| charge difference across the membrane? | resting membrane potential |
| action potential | muscle cell stimulated by the membrane characteristic changes |
| Motor neurons- | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| where do axons enter? | through muscles and branches |
| when a branch connects to a muscle what is it called? | neuromusclular junction |
| what is another name for neuromuscular junction? | synapses |
| where are the neuromuscular junctions located? | near center of cell |
| single motor neuron | motor unit |
| motor units form how many muscles? | one |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| what is the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell? | synaptic cleft |
| what is the postsynaptic terminal? | muscle fiber |
| what does the presynaptic terminal consist of? | synaptic vesicles |
| secrete neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| what is acetylcholine? | diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal |
| what can acetylcholine cause? | a change in the postsynaptic cell |
| what happens when acetylcholinesterase is released | synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell and it gets rapidly broken down by enzymes |
| what happens during a enzymatic breakdown? | ensures that one action potential slows down only one action potential in the skeletal muscle |
| how many contractions occurs during enzymatic breakdown? | one contraction |
| Where are the contractions during enzymatic breakdown? | in the muscle cell |
| when does muscle contraction occur? | when the actin and myosin are sliding past each other |
| when do muscles shorten? | When the sarcomeres shorten |
| what is sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| what bands shorten during contraction? | H and I bands shorten |
| what band does not shorten during contraction | a band |
| contraction of an entire muscle | muscle twitch |
| what causes a muscle twitch? | a stimulus that causes action potential in the muscle fibers |
| what is a threshold ? | when a muscle fiber will not respond to until the stimulus reaches a specific level |
| when the muscle fibers contract maximally | all or none response |
| time between a stimulus and a motor neuron | lag phase |
| the lag phase can also happen during? | beginning of a contraction |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time during muscle relaxation | relaxation phase |
| when do frequent twitches occur? | when too much successive stimuli is put out |
| what is tetany? | the muscle remains contracted without a relaxation period |
| increase number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| what does atp mean? | adenosine triphosphate |
| what does adp mean? | adenosine diphosphate |
| what is atp used for? | energy for muscle contraction |
| where is atp made? | in the mitochondria |
| short lived and unstable | atp |
| high-energy molecule | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| amount of oxygen being needed in chemical reactions | oxygen debt |
| chemical reactions do what | convert lactic acid to glucose |
| when ATP is is being used faster then it can be produced | muscle fatigue |
| what is isometric | equal distance |
| equal tension | isotonic |
| what are slow muscle fibers | they contract more slower |
| t or f- slow muscle twitches are more resistant to fatigue? | true |
| muscle tone | constant tension |
| what are fast muscle fibers | contract quicker |
| are fast muscle twitches more resilient to fatigue | yes |
| where is the origin? | head |
| where is the belly located | between the origin and insertion |
| what is insertion | end of muscle going through the most movemet |
Created by:
Jayla4
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