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Chapter 6 Muscles
Question | Answer |
---|---|
to develop tension, an ability highly developed in muscle cells | Contraction |
muscle cells | Muscle fibers |
Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleated cells with obvious striations | Skeletal Muscles |
The thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cells | Endomysium |
The connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers | Perimysium |
the sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle | Epimysium |
A bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue | Facicle |
Muscle consisting of spindle shaped unstripped muscle cells | Smooth muscle |
Specilized muscle of the heart | Cardiac muscle |
The fine transparent tublar sheath which envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles | Sarcolemma |
The smallest contactile unit of muscle | Sarcomere |
one of the contractile protien fountin muscle | Myosin |
a contractile protien | Actin |
Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulium | Carcoplasmic Reticulum |
A motor and all the muscle cells it supplies | Motor unit |
Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body | Axon |
A chemicle transmitter substance released by certian nerve endings | Acetylenoline |
When a muscle is unable to contract even when stimulated | Muscle Fatigue |
Same tone or tension | Isotonic Contractions |
Same measurments or length | Isometric Contractions |
Attachment of a muscle that remains reletivly fixed durning muscular contraction | Origin |
The moveable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin | Insertion |
Muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a disired movement | Synergists |
Muscles that act in opposiion to a prime mover | antagonists |
Muscles acting to immoblize a joint or bone | Fixators |
another connective tissue layer located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
enzymes that break down acetylcholine | acetylcholinesterase |
sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | Sliding filament mechanism |
a contracttion of an entire muscle in responce to stimulus. | Muscle twitch |
the time between application of a stimulius to a motor neuron | lag phase |
time of contraction | contraction phase |
time of relaxion | relaxion phase |
the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
the increase in number of motor units | recruitment |
Adenosine triphosphate (needed for energy for muscle contraction, produced in the mitochondria, and short lived and unstable.) | ATP |
Adenosine Diphosphate (plus phosphate) | ADP |
when muscle cells cant stockple ATP at rest but can store other high energy molecules | Creatine phosphate |
without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
with oxygen | aerobic resperation |
the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | Oxygen debt |
results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. | Muscle fatigue |
equal distance | Isometric |
equal tension | Isotonic |
constant tension produced by muscles | muscle tone |
white meat | Fast twitch fibers |
dark meat | Slow twitch fibers |
the portion of muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
How are muscles named? | location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function |
the zone between the A bands | H zone |
The line that goes down the middle of the h zone | M line |
Bands that are on either side of the H zone, and doesn't move when contracted | A band |
The bands on either side of the Z line | I band |
The lines that separate each section | Z line |
raises eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
closes eyelids and causes "Crows feet" wrinkles on the outer corner of the eyes. | orbicularis oculi |
pucker lips "Kissing muscle" | orbicularis oris |
flattens cheecks "Kissing muscle" | buccinator |
smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
sneering | levator labii superioris |
frowning | depressor anguli oris |
chewing, 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter | mastication |
whange the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
rotates and abducts the head, lateral neck miscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
group of muscles on each side of the back , responsible for keeping body erect or head straight | erector spinae |
muscles that move the thorax | thoratic muscles |
elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominis |
cross the rectus abdominis at three or more places | Tendonous inscriptions |
rotates scapula | Trapezius |
pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
medially rotates, addicts, nd powerfully extends the arm | Latissimus dorsi |
attackes the humerus to the scapula and clavicle | deltoid |
extends forearm, occupies the posterior compartment of the arm | Triceps branchii |
occupies the anterior compartment of the arm, flexes the forearm | biceps branchii |
flexes the forearm | branchialis |
flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
covers flexor and extensor tendons | retinaculum |
flexes wrist | flexor carpi |
extends wrist | extensor carpi |
flexes fingers | flexor digitorum |
extends fingers | extensor digitorum |
19 hand muscles | intrinsic hand muscles |
Buttocks | gluteus maximus |
extends the leg, anterieor thigh muscles | quadriceps femoris |
flexes the thigh | sartorius |
posterior to the thigh muscles, flexes the leg and extends the thigh | hamstring muscles |
form the calf muscle | gastrocneminus and soleus |
achilles tendon, flex the foot and toes | calcaneal tendon |
20 muscles located in the foot | instrinsic foot muscles |