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Chapter 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| to develop tension, an ability highly developed in muscle cells | Contraction |
| muscle cells | Muscle fibers |
| Muscle composed of cylindrical multinucleated cells with obvious striations | Skeletal Muscles |
| The thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cells | Endomysium |
| The connective tissue enveloping bundles of muscle fibers | Perimysium |
| the sheath of fibrous connective tissue surrounding a muscle | Epimysium |
| A bundle of nerve or muscle fibers bound together by connective tissue | Facicle |
| Muscle consisting of spindle shaped unstripped muscle cells | Smooth muscle |
| Specilized muscle of the heart | Cardiac muscle |
| The fine transparent tublar sheath which envelops the fibers of skeletal muscles | Sarcolemma |
| The smallest contactile unit of muscle | Sarcomere |
| one of the contractile protien fountin muscle | Myosin |
| a contractile protien | Actin |
| Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulium | Carcoplasmic Reticulum |
| A motor and all the muscle cells it supplies | Motor unit |
| Neuron process that carries impulses away from the nerve cell body | Axon |
| A chemicle transmitter substance released by certian nerve endings | Acetylenoline |
| When a muscle is unable to contract even when stimulated | Muscle Fatigue |
| Same tone or tension | Isotonic Contractions |
| Same measurments or length | Isometric Contractions |
| Attachment of a muscle that remains reletivly fixed durning muscular contraction | Origin |
| The moveable attachment of a muscle as opposed to its origin | Insertion |
| Muscles cooperating with another muscle or muscle group to produce a disired movement | Synergists |
| Muscles that act in opposiion to a prime mover | antagonists |
| Muscles acting to immoblize a joint or bone | Fixators |
| another connective tissue layer located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| enzymes that break down acetylcholine | acetylcholinesterase |
| sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | Sliding filament mechanism |
| a contracttion of an entire muscle in responce to stimulus. | Muscle twitch |
| the time between application of a stimulius to a motor neuron | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time of relaxion | relaxion phase |
| the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| the increase in number of motor units | recruitment |
| Adenosine triphosphate (needed for energy for muscle contraction, produced in the mitochondria, and short lived and unstable.) | ATP |
| Adenosine Diphosphate (plus phosphate) | ADP |
| when muscle cells cant stockple ATP at rest but can store other high energy molecules | Creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic resperation |
| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | Oxygen debt |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells. | Muscle fatigue |
| equal distance | Isometric |
| equal tension | Isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles | muscle tone |
| white meat | Fast twitch fibers |
| dark meat | Slow twitch fibers |
| the portion of muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| How are muscles named? | location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function |
| the zone between the A bands | H zone |
| The line that goes down the middle of the h zone | M line |
| Bands that are on either side of the H zone, and doesn't move when contracted | A band |
| The bands on either side of the Z line | I band |
| The lines that separate each section | Z line |
| raises eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes eyelids and causes "Crows feet" wrinkles on the outer corner of the eyes. | orbicularis oculi |
| pucker lips "Kissing muscle" | orbicularis oris |
| flattens cheecks "Kissing muscle" | buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing, 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter | mastication |
| whange the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| rotates and abducts the head, lateral neck miscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back , responsible for keeping body erect or head straight | erector spinae |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoratic muscles |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominis |
| cross the rectus abdominis at three or more places | Tendonous inscriptions |
| rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, addicts, nd powerfully extends the arm | Latissimus dorsi |
| attackes the humerus to the scapula and clavicle | deltoid |
| extends forearm, occupies the posterior compartment of the arm | Triceps branchii |
| occupies the anterior compartment of the arm, flexes the forearm | biceps branchii |
| flexes the forearm | branchialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
| covers flexor and extensor tendons | retinaculum |
| flexes wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends fingers | extensor digitorum |
| 19 hand muscles | intrinsic hand muscles |
| Buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| extends the leg, anterieor thigh muscles | quadriceps femoris |
| flexes the thigh | sartorius |
| posterior to the thigh muscles, flexes the leg and extends the thigh | hamstring muscles |
| form the calf muscle | gastrocneminus and soleus |
| achilles tendon, flex the foot and toes | calcaneal tendon |
| 20 muscles located in the foot | instrinsic foot muscles |
Created by:
bkedwar1