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Ch.6 Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ability to shorten with force | Contractility |
| The ability to respond to stimulus | Excitability |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| The ability to recoil to their original resting length | Elasticity |
| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | Epimysium |
| Connective tissue located outside the epimysium | Fascia |
| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells | Fibers |
| Muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles | Fasciculi |
| Fasciculi are surrounded by loose connective tissue | Perimysium |
| Each fiber is surrounded by connective tissue sheath | Enndomysium |
| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | Myofibrils |
| A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibrils |
| Myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers | Actin Myofilaments Myosin Myofilaments |
| Thin myofilaments. They resemble 2 strands of pearls twisted together | Actin Myofilaments |
| Thick myofilaments. They resemble bundles of golf clubs | Myosin Myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units | Sarcomeres |
| The basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomeres |
| The most stationary end of the muscle | Origin |
| The end of the muscle undergoing of greatest movement | Insertion |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | Belly |
| Can a muscle have more than one origins? | Yes |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | Synergists |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists |
| Prime Mover | |
| How are muscle named? | By their location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function. |
| Raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis |
| Closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye | Orbicularis oculi |
| Puckers the lips | Orbicularis oris |
| Flattens the cheeks | Buccinator |
| Smiling muscle | Zygomaticus |
| Sneering | Levator labii superioris |
| Frowning | Depressor anguli oris |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscle |
| Move the tongue | Extrinsic tongue muscle |
| Lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor Neurons |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor Unit |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains | Synaptic Vesicles |
| Synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter | Acetylcholine |
| The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by enzymes | Acetylcholinesterase |
| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | Sliding filament mechanism |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes he action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle twitch |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level | Threshold |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of contraction | Lag phase |
| The time of contraction | Contraction phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes | Relaxation phase |
| The muscle remain contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| Increase in number of motor units being activated | Recruitment |
| Needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| Produced in the mitchondria | ATP |
| Without oxygen | Anaerobic Respiration |
| With oxygen | Aerobic Respiration |
| The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish he depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | Oxygen Debt |
| Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | Muscle Fatigue |
| The two types of muscle contractions | Isometric and Isotonic |
| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process | Isometric |
| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | Isotonic |
| Constant tension produced by muscle of the body for long period of time | Muscle Tone |
| Contract quickly and fatigue quickly. Well adapted to perform anaerobic metabolism | Fast-twitch fibers |
| Contracts more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue. They are better suited for aerobic metabolism | Slow-twitch fibers |
| Elevate the ribs during inspiration | External intercostals |
| Contract during forced expiration. | Internal intercostals |
| Accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing. | Diaphragm |
| Tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| Rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| Pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| The arm is attached to the thorax | pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi muscles. |
| Adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| Medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm. “Swimmer muscles” | Latissimus dorsi |
| Attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. | Deltoid |
| Extends the forearm. Occupies the posterior compartment of the arm. | Triceps brachii |
| Flexes the forearm. Occupies the anterior compartment of the arm. | Biceps brachii |
| Flexes forearm | Brachialis |
| Flexes and supinates the forearm. | Brachioradialis |
Created by:
MaggieKayt
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