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The Respiratory Sys
Ch 18 The Respiratory System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the four phases of respiration? | pulmonary ventilation, external gas exchange, gas transport in the blood, and internal gas exchange. |
| What happens to air as it passes over the nasal mucosa? | It is filtered, warmed, and moistened. |
| What are the three regions of the pharynx? | nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. |
| What are the scientific names for the throat, voice box, and windpipe? | Throat- pharynx, voice box - larynx and windpipe - trachea |
| What structures do the inferior branching of the trachea form? | 2 mainstem (primary) bronchi |
| What feature of the cells lining the respiratory passageways enables them to move impurities away from the lungs? | Cilia |
| In what structures does gas exchange occur in the lung? | Alveoli |
| What is the name of the membrane that encloses the lung? | Pleura |
| What are two phases of quiet breathing? Which is active and which is passive? | Inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation is active and exhalation is passive. |
| What substance produced by lung cells aids in compliance? | Surfactant |
| What property of a gas determines its direction of diffusion across a membrane, and in what units is this property expressed? | A gas's partial pressure on either side of a membrane. Partial pressure is expressed in millimeter mercury (mm Hg). |
| What substance in red blood cells holds almost all of the oxygen carried in the blood? | Hemoglobin |
| What is the main form in which carbon dioxide is carried in the blood? | Bicarbonate |
| Where in the brain stem are the centers that set the basic pattern of respiration? | Medulla |
| What is the name of the motor nerve that controls the diaphragm? | Phrenic nerve |
| What gas is the main chemical controller of respiration? | Carbon dioxide |
| What is the meaning of the word ending -pnea? | breathing |
| What are the names of six respiratory disorders caused by infection? | common cold, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), coup, influenza, pneumonia, and tuberculosis |
| What are some causes of allergic rhinitis? Asthma? | Pollen, dust, mold, and animal dander. Asthma may be caused by infection, fumes, smoke, cold air, allergies, and exercise. |
| What does COPD mean, and what two diseases are commonly involved in COPD? | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; chronic bronchitis and emphysema. |
| LARYNG/O | LARYNX |
| NASO | NOSE |
| ORO | MOUTH |
| PLEURO | SIDE, RIB |
| CAPNO | CARBON DIOXIDE |
| ORTHO | STRAIGHT |
| PNEA | BREATHING |
| SPIRO | BREATHING |
| ATELO | INCOMPLETE |
| CENTESIS | TAPPING, PERFORATION |
| PNEUMO | AIR, GAS |
| PNEUMONO | LUNG |
| RHINO | NOSE |
| The exchange of air between the atmosphere and the lungs is called | pulmonary ventilation |
| The space between the vocal cords is the | glottis |
| The ease with which the lungs and thorax can be expanded is termed | compliance |
| A lower than normal level of oxygen in the tissues is called | hypoxia |
| The serous membrane around the lung is the | pleura |
| A decrease in the rate and dept of breathing | hypopnea |
| A normal increase in breathing rate, as during exercise | tachypnea |
| A temporary cessation of breathing | apnea |
| Difficult or labored breathing | dyspnea |
| Difficult breathing that is relieved by sitting up | orthopnea |
| Which of the following are bony projections in the nasal cavity? | conchae |
| Which structure contains the vocal folds? | larynx |
| What covers the larynx during swallowing? | epiglottis |
| Which structure has the centers that regulate respiration? | brain stem |
| Which term describes incomplete lung expansion? | atelectasis |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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