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Hereditary
Ch 25 Hereditary and Hereditary Diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a gene? What is a gene made of? | A gene is an independent unit of heredity. Each gene is a segment of DNA contained in a chromosome. |
| What term describes a gene that always expresses its effect? | A dominant gene is always expressed, regardless of the gene on the matching chromosome. |
| What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype? | A geneotype is the genetic makeup of an individual; a phenotype is all the traits that can be observed or tested for. |
| What is the process of cell division that forms the gametes? | Meiosis |
| Human body cells have 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each gamete? | 23 |
| What sex chromosome combination determines a female? A male? | XX female. XY male. |
| What term describes a trait carried on a sex chromosome? | sex-linked |
| What is a mutagen? | any agent that causes a mutation, a change in a gene or a chromosome. |
| From which parent does a child get mitochondrial genes? | the mother. |
| What does the term congenital mean? | Present at birth. |
| What is a teratogen? | any agent that causes abnormal prenatal development. |
| What is the scientific name for Down syndrome? | Trisomy 21 |
| Is fragile X syndrome more common in males or females? | Males |
| What kind of chart can show the inheritance pattern of a gene within a family? | Pedigree chart |
| What are two procedures for removing fetal samples for study? | Amniocentesis and chorionic villus |
| What is a karyotype? | a picture of the chromosomes arranged in groups according to size and form. |
| auto | self |
| chromo | color |
| hetero | other, different |
| homo | same |
| pheno | to show |
| multi | many |
| cele | swelling |
| con | with |
| dactylo | digit (finger or toe) |
| terato | malformed fetus |
| centesis | tapping, perforation |
| karyo | nucleus |
| The basic unit of heredity is a | gene |
| Chromosomes not involved in sex determination are known as | autosomes |
| The number of chromosomes in each human cell is | 46 |
| Any change in a gene or chromosome is called | mutation |
| Incomplete closure of the spine results in a disorder called | spina bifida |
| An allele that is always expressed if present. | dominant |
| An allele that is not always expressed if present. | recessive |
| Term for paired alleles for a trait that are the same. | homozygous |
| Term for paired alleles for a trait that are different. | heterozygous |
| A gene carried on the X chromosome. | sex-linked |
| What is a gene? | a segment of DNA |
| What do genes code for? | proteins |
| What are paired alleles for a given trait known as? | alleles |
| What is the term for the genetic trait characterized by extra fingers and toes? | polydactyly |
| Which technique is used to determine the genotypes of family members? | a pedigree |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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