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Ultimate ABO
Study Guide
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| They eye is made up of which 3 layers | Fibrous Tunic, Vascular Tunic, and Nervous Tunic |
| Fibrous Tunic Consists of: | Sclera and Cornea |
| The "white part" of the eye. A tough covering with the cornea forms the external protective layer of the eye | Sclera |
| The refractive, transparent, anterior wall of the eye. = to 43 diopters in power. This is the fastest healing part of the body. Has 5 Layers | Cornea |
| Name 5 Layers of Cornea | Epithelium, Bowman's Membrane, Stroma, Descemet's Membrane, and Endothelium |
| Vascular Tunic Consists of: | Iris, Choroid, and Ciliary Body |
| The colored, circular membrane suspended behind the cornea & immediately in front of the lens. It regulates the amount of light entering the eye by changing the size of the pupil | Iris |
| Vascular(blood rich) layer of the eye; its function is to nourish the other parts of the eye, primarily the retina | Choroid |
| The thick rim of the choroid to which the crystalline lens is attached | Ciliary Body |
| Nervous Tunic Consists of: | Retina |
| The membrane which forms the inner lining of the back wall of the eye. Constituted of two kinds of cells which respond to the stimulus of light(rods & cones) & send nervous impulses to the brain through the optic nerve | Retina |
| Nervous Tunic or Neural Layer contains photo receptors known as; | Rods & Cones |
| Specialized visual cell in the retina responsible for peripheral & night vision | Rods |
| Light sensitive cells in the retina responsible for color vision, daytime vision, & central portioin of the visual field. | Cones |
| 120 million Rods located; | outside the Retina |
| 6 million cones near; | Center of macula |
| Highest # of cones found at | Fovea |
| Where light focuses in healthy eye | Macula |
| Oval area in the retina devoid of blood vessels; most responsible for color vision & central vision | Macula |
| A small depression in the retina, at the back of the eye. It is part of the macula adapted for clearest vision | Fovea |
| Point where the optic nerve enters the eye is known as | Optic disc |
| Optic disc does not contain receptor cells. It is known as | The "blind spot" |
| The eye contains 3 fluid filled chambers | Anterior Chamber, Posterior Chamber, & Vitreous Chamber |
| Chamber located between Cornea & Iris | Anterior Chamber |
| Chamber located between Iris & Lens | Posterior Chamber |
| Anterior & Posterior Chamber contain fluid called | aqueous humor |
| Watery fluid produced by the ciliary body. Maintains pressure, IOP & provides nutrients to the lens & cornea. Contiously drained through the eye through "Canal of Schlemm" | Aqueous Humor |
| Chamber between Retina & lens filled w/ thicker gel-like substance. | Vitreous chamber |
| Gel like substance which maintains the shape of the eye | Vitreous humor |
| Light enters through the | Cornea |
| Light passes through the | pupil |
| The amount of light allowed in through the eye by | Iris |
| Iris has 2 muscles | Dilator & Sphincter |
| Muscle that opens iris allowing more light in | Dilator |
| Muscle that closes iris | Sphincter |
| Iris has ability to change pupil size from | 2-8 mm |
| Outer most layer of cornea which rests on Bowman's membrane | Epithelium |
| Layer of cornea which acts as a protective barrier | Bowman's membrane |
| Makes up 90% thickness of cornea | Stroma |
| Layer of cornea that sepeartes the stroma and endothelium | Descemet's membrane |
| Layer of cornea that removes water and helps keep it clear | Endothelium |
| Behind the pupil is the | crystalline lens |
| A transparent, colorless body suspended in the front part of the eyeball between aqueous humor & vitreous humor. Its function is to bring light rays to focus on the retina | Crystalline lens |
| Process of focusing light based on distance is | accomodation |
| The ability of the eye to adjust focus for varying distances | Accomodation |
| The closer an object is to the eye the ____________ power is required of the crystalline lens to focus the image on the retina | more |
| The crystalline lens achieves accommodation with the help of the | ciliary body |
| The ciliary body is attached to the crystalline lens via fibrous strands called | zonules |
| When the ciliary body contracts, the zonules relax allowing the lens to thicken, ____________power, allowing the eye to fucus________ | adding up close |
| When the ciliary body relaxes, the zonules contract, drawing the lens outward, making the lens _____________ allowing the eye to focus _________________ | thinner at distance |
| Eyelid | Palpebrae |
| Point where upper & lower eyelids meet "corner of the eye" | medial canthus |
| Where upper & lower eyelids meet towards ear | Lateral Canthus |
| Strong hairs that run along upper & lower palpebral margins. There to filter debris | Eyelashes |
| Located along the inner margin of the eyelids. Glands secrete a liquid that keeps the eyelids from sticking together | Meibomian Glands |
| Actual location behind the eyelid/palpebra & along the sclera. It is where 2 layers of the conjuctiva meet and join | Fornix |
| Inside the Orbit of the eye. The gland that produces the bulk of tears. It is located above the lateral canthus in a depression in the bone that surrounds the eye | Lacrimal Gland |
| Small openings located at the medial canthus that allow tears to drain off | Lacrimal Puncta |
| The path the tears take from the eye to the lacrimal sac and then to the nasal passage | Lacrimal Canals |
| Located at the medial canthus, produces a liquid that soothes and lubricates the eye | Lacrimal Caruncle |
| Clear lens that covers the iris. First major structure that refracts light as it enters the eye. It has no blood supply & gets all of its oxygen directly from the air | Cornea |
| Opening created by the iris changing size. | Pupil |
| "whites of the eyes" | Sclera |
| Where the cornea blends into the sclera | Limbus |
| Rotates eye laterally or out towards ear. Attaches directly to side of eye and runs straight back | Lateral Rectus |
| Eye looks up. Attaches directly to the top of the eye and runs straight back. | Superior Rectus |
| Rotates eye towards nose. Attaches directly to side of eye and runs straight back. | Medial Rectus |
| Eye looks down. Attaches directly to the bottom of the eye and runs straight back. | Inferior Rectus |
| Eye rolls, looks up & to the side. Attaches along lateral side of the eye & runs under the eye passing over the inferior rectus & attaches medially | Inferior Oblique |
| Eye rolls, looks down & to the side. Attaches under the superior rectus, passes through a bony spur know as the Trochlea, & then follow path of the superior rectus. Raised attachment point allows for rotation. | Superior Oblique |
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mgm9480
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