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Chapter 12
Cardiovascular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 16 & 17). | |
| 1. The circulatory system consists of the _________ and ________. | |
| 2. What is the primary function of the circulatory system? | |
| 3. Name the chambers of the heart. The _________ receive blood, while the ______ pump blood. | |
| 4. Name the 2 circulatory circuits in the body. | |
| 5. The _________ circuit circulates blood from the heart to tissue beds thru-out the body and back to the heart. | |
| 6. The ___________ circuit circulates blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. | |
| 7. Match the blood vessel with the function: | |
| ___ arteries a. sites of gas exchange | |
| ___ veins b. carry blood away from heart | |
| ___ capillaries c. carry blood toward heart | |
| 8. Where is the heart located? | |
| 9. Match the pericardial membrane with its description: | |
| ___ pericardial sac a. heart muscle | |
| ___ parietal pericardium b. inner serous membrane (epicardium) | |
| ___ pericardial cavity c. outer fibrous pericardium | |
| ___ visceral pericardium d. outer serous membrane | |
| ___ myocardium e. contains pericardial fluid | |
| ___ endocardium f. endothelium; lines inside chambers | |
| 10. The heart has ____ chambers. The receiving chambers are the left & right ______, while the pumping chambers are the left & right ________. | |
| 11. Why do ventricles have thick walls? Which ventricle has the thickest wall and why? | |
| 12. What is the purpose of valves within the heart? The _________ valves separate atria & ventricles, while _________ valves are located between the ventricles and major arteries leaving the heart. The mitral valve (bicuspid) is located between the _____ | |
| 13. The right side of the heart handles ___________ blood, while the left side of the heart handles _________ blood. | |
| 14. What is meant by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood? | |
| 33. What are arterioles and venules? | |
| 34. Place the following steps of blood flow in order(starting with the aorta): | |
| ___ capillaries at tissue beds | |
| ___ artery | |
| ___ vein | |
| ___ arteriole | |
| ___ venule | |
| 35. What is an aneurysm? Why is a ruptured aortic aneurysm so serious? | |
| 36. What causes arteriosclerosis? What causes a stroke? What does CVA stand for? | |
| 37. Describe the structure of capillaries. Why are capillary walls so thin? | |
| 38. Are all capillary beds open at the same time? Explain. | |
| 39. What two things aid the flow of blood upward through the legs? | |
| 40. What causes varicose veins? What are hemorrhoids? | |
| 41. Define phlebitis. What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus? | |
| 42. Match the artery with the organ served: | |
| ___ renal artery a. heart | |
| ___ hepatic artery b. leg | |
| ___ coronary artery c. liver | |
| ___ femoral artery d. brain | |
| ___ carotid artery e. kidney | |
| 43. Describe unique features of the circulatory system serving the brain. What is the advantage of the circle of Willis? | |
| 44. Why are coronary arteries prone to atherosclerosis? Discuss treatment options for blocked coronary arteries. | |
| 45. What is the hepatic portal system? Why is it important? | |
| 46. The hepatic portal system runs from the __________ to the ____________. All digested nutrients (except fats) must pass through the _________ before entering the systemic circulation. | |
| 47. Discuss the unique features of fetal circulation. Why doesn’t fetal circulation include the lungs? Where/how does gas exchange occur during fetal development? | |
| 48. What is the most common heart birth defect in newborns? | |
| 49. Blood pressure is measured with a _____________________. The top number is the ___________ pressure, while the bottom number is the _________ pressure. | |
| 50. Explain what is meant by diastolic and systolic pressure. | |
| 51. Normal blood pressure = ______________.Define hypertension and hypotension. | |
| 52. Normal pulse is ___________, which represents the number of beats/minute. Demonstrate how to take pulse. Which type of blood vessels have a pulse and |
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telewis263