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Chapter 12

Cardiovascular system

QuestionAnswer
16 & 17).
1. The circulatory system consists of the _________ and ________.
2. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
3. Name the chambers of the heart. The _________ receive blood, while the ______ pump blood.
4. Name the 2 circulatory circuits in the body.
5. The _________ circuit circulates blood from the heart to tissue beds thru-out the body and back to the heart.
6. The ___________ circuit circulates blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
7. Match the blood vessel with the function:
___ arteries a. sites of gas exchange
___ veins b. carry blood away from heart
___ capillaries c. carry blood toward heart
8. Where is the heart located?
9. Match the pericardial membrane with its description:
___ pericardial sac a. heart muscle
___ parietal pericardium b. inner serous membrane (epicardium)
___ pericardial cavity c. outer fibrous pericardium
___ visceral pericardium d. outer serous membrane
___ myocardium e. contains pericardial fluid
___ endocardium f. endothelium; lines inside chambers
10. The heart has ____ chambers. The receiving chambers are the left & right ______, while the pumping chambers are the left & right ________.
11. Why do ventricles have thick walls? Which ventricle has the thickest wall and why?
12. What is the purpose of valves within the heart? The _________ valves separate atria & ventricles, while _________ valves are located between the ventricles and major arteries leaving the heart. The mitral valve (bicuspid) is located between the _____
13. The right side of the heart handles ___________ blood, while the left side of the heart handles _________ blood.
14. What is meant by oxygenated vs. deoxygenated blood?
33. What are arterioles and venules?
34. Place the following steps of blood flow in order(starting with the aorta):
___ capillaries at tissue beds
___ artery
___ vein
___ arteriole
___ venule
35. What is an aneurysm? Why is a ruptured aortic aneurysm so serious?
36. What causes arteriosclerosis? What causes a stroke? What does CVA stand for?
37. Describe the structure of capillaries. Why are capillary walls so thin?
38. Are all capillary beds open at the same time? Explain.
39. What two things aid the flow of blood upward through the legs?
40. What causes varicose veins? What are hemorrhoids?
41. Define phlebitis. What is the difference between a thrombus and an embolus?
42. Match the artery with the organ served:
___ renal artery a. heart
___ hepatic artery b. leg
___ coronary artery c. liver
___ femoral artery d. brain
___ carotid artery e. kidney
43. Describe unique features of the circulatory system serving the brain. What is the advantage of the circle of Willis?
44. Why are coronary arteries prone to atherosclerosis? Discuss treatment options for blocked coronary arteries.
45. What is the hepatic portal system? Why is it important?
46. The hepatic portal system runs from the __________ to the ____________. All digested nutrients (except fats) must pass through the _________ before entering the systemic circulation.
47. Discuss the unique features of fetal circulation. Why doesn’t fetal circulation include the lungs? Where/how does gas exchange occur during fetal development?
48. What is the most common heart birth defect in newborns?
49. Blood pressure is measured with a _____________________. The top number is the ___________ pressure, while the bottom number is the _________ pressure.
50. Explain what is meant by diastolic and systolic pressure.
51. Normal blood pressure = ______________.Define hypertension and hypotension.
52. Normal pulse is ___________, which represents the number of beats/minute. Demonstrate how to take pulse. Which type of blood vessels have a pulse and
Created by: telewis263
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