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Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels and Blood Circulation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the five types of blood vessels? | arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins |
| What are the two blood circuits, and what areas does each serve? | The pulmonary circuit carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart; the systemic circuit carries blood to and from all remaining tissues in the body. |
| What type of tissue makes up the middle tunic of arteries and veins, and how is this tissue controlled? | Smooth muscle makes up the middle layer of arteries and veins. Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle controlled by the Autonomic NS. |
| How many cell layers make up the wall of a capillary? | A single layer of squamous epithelium makes up the wall of a capillary. |
| What are the subdivisions of the aorta, the largest artery? | The aorta is divided into the ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, and abdominal aorta. The thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta make up the descending aorta. |
| What are the three branches of the aortic arch? | The brachiocephalic , left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries. |
| What areas are supplied by the brachiocephalic artery? | The arm and head on the right side. |
| What is an anastomosis? | A communication between two vessels. |
| What is the difference between superficial and deep veins? | Superficial veins are near the surface; deep veins are closer to the interior and generally parallel the arteries. |
| What two large veins drain the systemic blood vessels and empty into the right atrium? | The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. |
| What is a venous sinus? | a large channel that drains blood low in oxygen. |
| The hepatic portal system takes blood from the abdominal organs to which organ? | the liver |
| What force helps push materials out of a capillary? What force helps draw materials into a capillary? | Blood pressure helps push materials out. Blood osmotic pressure helps draw materials in. |
| Name the two types of vasomotor changes. | Vasodilation (widening) and vasoconstriction (narrowing) |
| Where are vasomotor activities regulated? | The medulla of the brain stem. |
| What is the definition of a pulse? | Pulse is the wave of pressure that begins at the heart and travels along the arteries. |
| What is the definition of blood pressure? | Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of the vessels. |
| What is the most significant factor in determination of peripheral resistance? | Blood vessel diameter. |
| What are the sensors for blood pressure called? | Baroreceptors |
| What two components of blood pressure are measured? | Systolic and diastolic |
| What is the medical term for high blood pressure? | Hypertension |
| What is the general term for any hardening of the arteries? | Arteriosclerosis |
| What is a bulging sac in a vessel wall called? | Aneurysm |
| What is the term for profuse bleeding? | Hemorrhage |
| What is circulatory shock? | Inadequate blood flow to the tissues. |
| What term describes a twisted and swollen vein? | Varicose |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke