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Integumentary Study
Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sebaceous glands | secrete oil that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria |
| sweat glands | help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat |
| heparin | which is released in response to an injury. it is an anticoagulant prevents blood clotting |
| histamine | is released in response to allergens, causes the signs of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion |
| hidrosis | is the production of excretion of sweat |
| unguis | is known as fingernail or toenail |
| lunula | is a pale half-moon-shaped region at the nail root. most easily seen in the thumbnail. |
| cuticle | is a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root it protects keratin cells as they form |
| nail root | fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin |
| acne vulgaris | known as acne caused by an over production of sebum (oil)it can be triggered by hormones. it can occur in adult |
| comedo | noninflected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle known as a blackhead |
| sebaceous cyst | closed sac associated with a sebaceous gland that is found just under the skin; cyst contain yellow fatty material found on the neck and face or trunk |
| seborrhea | over-activity of sebaceous gland that results in the production of excessive amount of sebum(oil) |
| seborrheic dermatitis | is an inflammation that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of skin or scalp known as dandruff |
| seborrheic keratosis | is a benign skin growth that has a waxy or pasted on look; can vary in color from tan to black occur mostly in the elderly |
| anhidrosis | abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat |
| diaphoresis | is profuse sweating |
| heperhidrosis | is a condition of sweating in one area or over the whole body |
| miliaria | is heat rash or prickly heat; intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of sweat glands by bacteria or dead cells |
| hirsutism | is the presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern; hereditary or hormonal balance |
| alopecia | known as baldness is the partial or complete loss of hair most commonly on the scalp |
| alopecia areata | is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing a well defined on the scalp or body (( areata means occurring in patches |
| alopecia capitis totalis | uncommon condition characterized by the loss of hair on the scalp |
| alopecia universalis | is the total loss of hair on all parts of the body |
| koilonychia | known as spoon nail; malformation of the nail |
| onychia | inflammation of the matrix; nail which results in the loss of nail also known as onychitis |
| onychocryptosis | is known as ingrown toe nail |
| onychomycosis | is a fungal infection of the nail; depending on the infection it can make the nail turn white, green or black nail becomes thick and brittle |
| onychophagia | means nail biting |
| paronychia | is a acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail |
| albinism | is a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin or hair and irises of eye; result of missing enzyme for the production of melanin |
| melanosis | any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in different parts of the body |
| vitiligo | is irregular patches of white skin/ hair growing in the affected areas is also white (reason is the destruction of the mealancytes) |
| contusion | is an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin (bruise) discoloration of skin and causes pain |
| ecchymosis | known as a bruise due to bleeding under the skin |
| pupura | is the appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin |
| petechiae | very small pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2 mm in diameter |
| hematoma | usually caused by an injury is a swelling of clotted blood trapped in tissue and then reabsorbs back into the body |
| crust | is a collection of dried serum and cellular debris |
| macule | freckle , flat moles known as a macula is a discolored flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter |
| papule | is a small raided red lesion that is then 0.5 cm in dia. does not contain pus .. insect bite |
| plaque | is a scaly raised area of closely spaced papules psoriasis lesions would be an example of plaque |
| verrucae | hard skin lesions; warts caused by the papilloma virus |
| wheal | known as a welt small bump that itches |
| abscess | is a closed pocket containing pus; that is caused by a bacterial infection |
| cyst | is an abnormal sac containing gas,fluid or semisolid material |
| pustule | known as a pimple; they can be caused by acne vulgaris impetigo other infections |
| vesicle | small blister less than 0.5 diameter containing watery fluid |
| bulla | is a large blister more than 0.5 diameter |
| abrasion | injury in which superficial layer of skin are scraped or rubbed away |
| fissure | is a groove or crack-like break in skin example; athlete's foot, |
| laceration | is a torn or jagged wound or accidental cut |
| strawberry hemangioma | is a soft raised dark reddish purple birthmark |
| eczema | persistent or recurring dermatitis; characterized by redness, itching, dryness with possible blistering cracking oozing or bleeding chronic condition appears to be a response of the body's immune system |
| pruritus | known as itching associated with forms of dermatitis |
| ichthyosis | is a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thickened and scaly skin |
| lupus erythematosus | is an autoimmune disorder characterized by red,scaly rash on face and upper truck; the condition also attacks the connective tissue in the other body systems |
| psoriasis | skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occure on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, buttocks |
| xeroderma | excessively dry skin |
| carbuncle | is a cluster of connected furuncles (boils) |
| furuncles | are boils caused by staphylococcal infection around hair follicles |
| gangrene | which is tissue necrosis (death) caused by loss of circulation to the affected tissues. this is followed by bacterial invasion that caused putrefaction (decay that smells bad) if the infection inters the blood stream it can be fatal |
| tinea | fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails; known as wring worm |
| tinea capitis | is found on the scalps of children (capitis mean head) |
| tinea corporis | fungal infection of the skin on the body (corporis means body) |
| tinea sruis | jock itch found in the genital area |
| tinea pedis | athlete's foot (pedis means foot) |
| tinea versicolor | is a fungal infection that causes painless discolored areas on the skin |
| pediculosis | is an infestation of lice |
| keloid | abnormally raised or thickened scar beyond the boundaries of the incision; a tendency to form keloids is often inherited common among dark pigmented skin |
| keratosis | is any skin growth such as a wart or callus; which there is over growth and thickening of the skin |
| lipoma | is benign, slow growing fatty tumor loicated between the skin and muscle layer |
| skin tage | small flesh-colored light brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks they are benign |
| actinic keratosis | is a precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun damaged skin; red scaly patch and feels like sandpaper |
| malignant melanoma | Skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes; this is the most serious type of skin cancer; first signs are change is the size shape or color of a mole |
| first degree burn | no blister, superficial damage to the epidermis |
| second degree burn | blister, damage to the epidermis and dermis |
| third degree burn | damage to the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers and possibly the muscle |
| cryosrugery | is the destruction or elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts, tumors, us of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen |
| curettage | removal of material from the surface by scraping; one use is to remove basal cell tumors |
| dermatoplasty | known as skin grafts replacement of damaged skin with healthy skin; taken from a donor or on the site of a patient's body |
| rhytidectomy | known as a face lift; removal of excess skin and fat around the face to eliminate wrinkles |
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