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Term about the Body
Language of Medicine - Ch 2
Term | Definition |
---|---|
ABDOMINAL CAVITY or PERITONEAL CAVITY or ABDOMEN | Space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder and intestines |
ADIPOSE TISSUE | Collection of fat cells |
ADIPOSE | Pertaining to fat (Lipids) |
ANABOLISM | cellular process where proteins are built up from simpler substances (amino acids) |
ANTERIOR or VENTRAL | Front surface of the body |
CARTILAGE | Flexible connective tissue that is firmer than muscle, yet softer than bone and is often attached to bones at joints; EXAMPLE: forms part of the external ear and the nose, and rings of this also surround the trachea. |
CATABOLISM | Cellular process of breaking down complex substances into simpler compounds and energy is released. |
CELL MEMBRANE | Thin and delicate structure surrounding and protecting the cell; it determines what enters and leaves the cell |
CERVICAL | Pertaining to the neck of the body [Neck region of the vertebrae (C1 to C7) or neck-like lower portion of the uterus] |
CHONDROMA | Benign tumor of cartilage |
CHONDROSARCOMA | a malignant tumor of cartilage |
CHROMOSOME | Rod-shaped structure within the nucleus of a cell; contains genetic material (DNA); there are 46 of these (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual ones. |
COCCYGEAL | Pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx |
CRANIAL CAVITY | Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull |
CRANIAL | pertaining to the skull |
CRANIOTOMY | Incision of the skull |
CYTOPLASM | All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane |
DEEP | Away from the surface of the body or an organ |
DIAPHRAGM | Muscular wall separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; it moves up and down and aids in breathing. |
DISK or DISC | Pad of cartilage between vertebrae |
DISTAL | Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure |
DNA | Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell. |
DORSAL or POSTERIOR | Pertaining to the back portion of the body |
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. |
EPIGASTRIC REGION | Middle upper region above the stomach |
EPINEPHRINE | a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys; It is also used as a treatment for severe allergic reactions. It opens airways and increases heart rate in medical emergencies. |
EPITHELIAL CELL | Cells arranged in layers and cover the outside of the body line the internal surfaces of organs. |
FRONTAL PLANE or CORONAL PLANE | Vertical plane passing through the body and dividing it into the front and back portions or into anterior and posterior portions |
GENES | Regions of DNA within each chromosome |
HISTOLOGIST | Specialist in the study of tissues |
HISTOLOGY | Study of tissues |
HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION | Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
HYPOGASTRIC REGION | Middle lower region below the umbilical region |
ILIAC | Pertaining to the ilium, which is the right or left upper most portion of the hipbone |
INFERIOR or CAUDAL | below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body, organ or structure |
INGUINAL REGION or ILIAC REGION | Right and left lower regions near the groin |
INTERVERTEBRAL | Pertaining to between the vertebrae (backbones); A disk (disc) is located here |
INTRAVENOUS [IV] | existing or taking place within, or administered into, a vein or veins |
KARYOTYPE | Classification of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell determined by a photograph taken during cell division; EXAMPLES: page 35 and 36 in book. |
LARYNX | Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea. |
LATERAL | Pertaining to the side |
Left lower quadrant [LLQ] | contains parts of the small & large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter; one of the ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS |
Left upper quadrant [LUQ] | contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small & large intestines; one of the ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS |
LUMBAR [L1 to L5] | Loin (waist) region of the vertebrae |
LUMBAR REGION | Right and left middle regions near the waist |
LUMBOSACRAL | Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back |
MEDIAL | Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body |
MEDIASTINUM | Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs |
METABOLISM | Total of the chemical processes in a cell; It includes catabolism (breaking down process) and anabolism (building up process). |
MITOCHONDRIA | Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism occurs here. |
NUCLEIC | Pertaining to the nucleus |
NUCLEUS | Central, controlling structure in a cell (directs the activities of the cell); contains chromosomes with DNA (genetic material) |
PELVIC CAVITY | Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. |
PELVIC | all the bones that surround the pelvic cavity |
PERITONEUM | Double-folded Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen. It attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane (containing blood vessels and nerves) around the organs. |
PHARYNX | Throat; serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea). |
PITUITARY GLAND | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain |
PLEURA | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung |
PLEURAL CAVITY | Space between the layers of the pleura |
PRONE | Lying on the belly (face down, palms down) |
PROXIMAL | Near the point of attachment or beginning of an organ |
Right lower quadrant [RLQ] | contains parts of the small & large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter; one of the ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS |
Right upper quadrant [RUQ] | contains the liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small & large intestines; one of the ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS |
SACRAL | Pertaining to the sacrum |
SACRUM [S1 to S5] | Large, triangular bone below the lumbar vertebrae at the dorsal part of the pelvis |
SAGITTAL PLANE or LATERAL PLANE | Lengthwise vertical plane that divides the body or structure into a right and left portion |
MIDSAGITTAL PLANE | divides the body into equal right and left halves. |
SARCOMA | Tumor (malignant) of fleshy tissue such as bone, muscle, fat, and cartilage |
SPINAL CAVITY or SPINAL CANAL | Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord |
SPINAL COLUMN | Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity |
SPINAL CORD | Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity |
SPINAL | pertaining to the spine |
SUPERFICIAL | On the surface of the body or organ |
SUPERIOR or CEPHALIC | Above another structure; pertaining to the head |
SUPINE | Lying on the back (face up, palms up) |
THORACIC [T1 to T12] | Chest region of the vertebrae |
THORACIC CAVITY | Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs |
THORACOTOMY | Incision of the chest |
THYROID GLAND | Endocrine gland in the neck that surrounds the trachea in the neck |
TRACHEA | Windpipe; tube leading from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes |
TRACHEAL | Pertaining to the trachea |
TRANSVERSE PLANE or AXIAL PLANE | Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions |
UMBILICAL REGION | Central regions near the navel |
URETER | One of two tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
URETHRA | Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
UTERUS or WOMB | Muscular organ in a female that holds and nourishes the developing embryo/fetus during pregnancy |
VERTEBRA | Single backbone |
VERTEBRAE | Backbones |
VERTEBRAL | Pertaining to backbones |
VISCERA | Internal organs |
VISCERAL | Pertaining to internal organs |