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Term about the Body
Language of Medicine - Ch 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ABDOMINAL CAVITY or PERITONEAL CAVITY or ABDOMEN | Space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder and intestines |
| ADIPOSE TISSUE | Collection of fat cells |
| ADIPOSE | Pertaining to fat (Lipids) |
| ANABOLISM | cellular process where proteins are built up from simpler substances (amino acids) |
| ANTERIOR or VENTRAL | Front surface of the body |
| CARTILAGE | Flexible connective tissue that is firmer than muscle, yet softer than bone and is often attached to bones at joints; EXAMPLE: forms part of the external ear and the nose, and rings of this also surround the trachea. |
| CATABOLISM | Cellular process of breaking down complex substances into simpler compounds and energy is released. |
| CELL MEMBRANE | Thin and delicate structure surrounding and protecting the cell; it determines what enters and leaves the cell |
| CERVICAL | Pertaining to the neck of the body [Neck region of the vertebrae (C1 to C7) or neck-like lower portion of the uterus] |
| CHONDROMA | Benign tumor of cartilage |
| CHONDROSARCOMA | a malignant tumor of cartilage |
| CHROMOSOME | Rod-shaped structure within the nucleus of a cell; contains genetic material (DNA); there are 46 of these (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual ones. |
| COCCYGEAL | Pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx |
| CRANIAL CAVITY | Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull |
| CRANIAL | pertaining to the skull |
| CRANIOTOMY | Incision of the skull |
| CYTOPLASM | All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane |
| DEEP | Away from the surface of the body or an organ |
| DIAPHRAGM | Muscular wall separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; it moves up and down and aids in breathing. |
| DISK or DISC | Pad of cartilage between vertebrae |
| DISTAL | Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure |
| DNA | Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell. |
| DORSAL or POSTERIOR | Pertaining to the back portion of the body |
| ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM | Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. |
| EPIGASTRIC REGION | Middle upper region above the stomach |
| EPINEPHRINE | a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, located above the kidneys; It is also used as a treatment for severe allergic reactions. It opens airways and increases heart rate in medical emergencies. |
| EPITHELIAL CELL | Cells arranged in layers and cover the outside of the body line the internal surfaces of organs. |
| FRONTAL PLANE or CORONAL PLANE | Vertical plane passing through the body and dividing it into the front and back portions or into anterior and posterior portions |
| GENES | Regions of DNA within each chromosome |
| HISTOLOGIST | Specialist in the study of tissues |
| HISTOLOGY | Study of tissues |
| HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION | Right and left upper regions beneath the ribs |
| HYPOGASTRIC REGION | Middle lower region below the umbilical region |
| ILIAC | Pertaining to the ilium, which is the right or left upper most portion of the hipbone |
| INFERIOR or CAUDAL | below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body, organ or structure |
| INGUINAL REGION or ILIAC REGION | Right and left lower regions near the groin |
| INTERVERTEBRAL | Pertaining to between the vertebrae (backbones); A disk (disc) is located here |
| INTRAVENOUS [IV] | existing or taking place within, or administered into, a vein or veins |
| KARYOTYPE | Classification of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell determined by a photograph taken during cell division; EXAMPLES: page 35 and 36 in book. |
| LARYNX | Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea. |
| LATERAL | Pertaining to the side |
| Left lower quadrant [LLQ] | contains parts of the small & large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter; one of the ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS |
| Left upper quadrant [LUQ] | contains the liver (left lobe), stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the small & large intestines; one of the ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS |
| LUMBAR [L1 to L5] | Loin (waist) region of the vertebrae |
| LUMBAR REGION | Right and left middle regions near the waist |
| LUMBOSACRAL | Pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back |
| MEDIAL | Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body |
| MEDIASTINUM | Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs |
| METABOLISM | Total of the chemical processes in a cell; It includes catabolism (breaking down process) and anabolism (building up process). |
| MITOCHONDRIA | Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy (miniature “power plants”) for the cell. Catabolism occurs here. |
| NUCLEIC | Pertaining to the nucleus |
| NUCLEUS | Central, controlling structure in a cell (directs the activities of the cell); contains chromosomes with DNA (genetic material) |
| PELVIC CAVITY | Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. |
| PELVIC | all the bones that surround the pelvic cavity |
| PERITONEUM | Double-folded Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen. It attaches abdominal viscera to muscles and functions as a protective membrane (containing blood vessels and nerves) around the organs. |
| PHARYNX | Throat; serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea). |
| PITUITARY GLAND | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain |
| PLEURA | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung |
| PLEURAL CAVITY | Space between the layers of the pleura |
| PRONE | Lying on the belly (face down, palms down) |
| PROXIMAL | Near the point of attachment or beginning of an organ |
| Right lower quadrant [RLQ] | contains parts of the small & large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter; one of the ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS |
| Right upper quadrant [RUQ] | contains the liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small & large intestines; one of the ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS |
| SACRAL | Pertaining to the sacrum |
| SACRUM [S1 to S5] | Large, triangular bone below the lumbar vertebrae at the dorsal part of the pelvis |
| SAGITTAL PLANE or LATERAL PLANE | Lengthwise vertical plane that divides the body or structure into a right and left portion |
| MIDSAGITTAL PLANE | divides the body into equal right and left halves. |
| SARCOMA | Tumor (malignant) of fleshy tissue such as bone, muscle, fat, and cartilage |
| SPINAL CAVITY or SPINAL CANAL | Space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord |
| SPINAL COLUMN | Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity |
| SPINAL CORD | Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity |
| SPINAL | pertaining to the spine |
| SUPERFICIAL | On the surface of the body or organ |
| SUPERIOR or CEPHALIC | Above another structure; pertaining to the head |
| SUPINE | Lying on the back (face up, palms up) |
| THORACIC [T1 to T12] | Chest region of the vertebrae |
| THORACIC CAVITY | Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs |
| THORACOTOMY | Incision of the chest |
| THYROID GLAND | Endocrine gland in the neck that surrounds the trachea in the neck |
| TRACHEA | Windpipe; tube leading from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes |
| TRACHEAL | Pertaining to the trachea |
| TRANSVERSE PLANE or AXIAL PLANE | Horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions |
| UMBILICAL REGION | Central regions near the navel |
| URETER | One of two tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
| URETHRA | Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| UTERUS or WOMB | Muscular organ in a female that holds and nourishes the developing embryo/fetus during pregnancy |
| VERTEBRA | Single backbone |
| VERTEBRAE | Backbones |
| VERTEBRAL | Pertaining to backbones |
| VISCERA | Internal organs |
| VISCERAL | Pertaining to internal organs |
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gmackay12