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The Endocrine Sys
Things to know about the Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are hormones, and what are some effects of hormones? | Chemicals that have specific regulatory effects on certain cells or organs in the body. Some of their effects are to regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and behavior. |
| What name is given to specific tissue that responds to a hormone? | Target tissue |
| Hormones belong to what two chemical categories? | Amino acid compounds and steroids. |
| What is the most common mechanism used to regulate hormone secretion? | Negative feedback |
| What part of the brain controls the pituitary? | Hypothalamus |
| What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary? | Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin |
| What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete? | Growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), follicule stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| What is the effect of thyroid hormones on cells? | Increase the metabolic rate in cells. |
| What mineral is needed to produce thyroid hormones? | Iodine |
| What is the term for an enlarged thyroid gland? | Goiter |
| What mineral do parathyroid hormone (PTH) calcitriol regulate? | Calcium |
| What is the main hormone produced by the adrenal medulla? | Epinephrine (adrenaline) |
| What three categories of hormones are released by the adrenal cortex? | Glucocoricoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones. |
| What effect does cortisol have on blood glucose levels? | It raises blood glucose levels. |
| What two hormones produced by the islets of the pancreas regulate blood glucose levels? | Insulin and glucagon |
| What hormone is low or ineffective in cases of diabetes mellitus? | Insulin |
| Sex hormones confer certain features associated with male and female gender. What are these features called as a group? | Secondary sex characteristics |
| What hormone does the pineal gland secrete? | Melatonin |
| What organs produce each of the following: erythropoietin, osteocalcin, ANP? | The kidneys produce erythropoietin. Bone tissue produces osteocalcin. The artria of the heart produce ANP. |
| What are four hormones released in times of stress? | Epinephrine, cortisol, ADH, and growth hormone. |
| Chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands are called | hormones |
| The part of the brain that regulates pituitary gland activity is the | hypothalamus |
| Red blood cell production in the bone marrow is stimulated by the hormone | erythropoietin |
| The main androgen produced by the testes is | testosterone |
| A hormone produced by the heart is | atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) |
| A disorder caused by overproduction of growth hormone in the adult. | acromegaly |
| A disorder caused by underproduction of parathyroid hormone. | tetany |
| A disorder caused by overproduction of insulin. | hypoglycemia |
| A disorder caused by overproduction of growth hormone in a child. | gigantism |
| A disorder caused by underproduction of antidiuretic hormone. | diabetes insipidus |
| To what do hormones bind? | receptors |
| Which hormone promotes uterine contractions and milk ejection? | oxytocin |
| Choose the principal hormonal regulator of metabolism. | Thyroxine |
| Which structure secretes epinephrine? | adrenal medulla |
| Which organ regulates sleep-wake cycles? | pineal |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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