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Ch 9 Study Guide
Things to know about the Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two divisions of the nervous system based on structure? | The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. |
| What divisions of the PNS is voluntary and controls skeletal muscles? What division is involuntary and controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands? | The somatic nervous system is voluntary and controls the skeletal muscle; the autonomic (visceral) nervous system is involuntary and controls involuntary muscles (cardiac and smooth muscle) and glands. |
| What is the name of the neuron fiber that carries impulses toward the cell body? What is the name of the fiber that carries impulses away from the body? | A dentrite is a neuron fiber that carries impulses toward the cell body; an axon is a neuron fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body. |
| What color describes myelinated fibers? What color describes the nervous system's unmyelinated tissue? | Myelinated fibers are white; unmyelinated tissue is gray. |
| What name is given to nerves that convey impulses toward the CNS? What name is given to nerves that transport away from the CNS? | Sensory (afferent) nerves convey impulses toward the CNS; motor (efferent) nerves convey impulses away from the CNS. |
| What is a nerve? What is a tract? | A nerve is a bundle of neuron fibers in the peripheral nervous system; a tract is a bundle of neuron fibers in the CNS. |
| What is the name of the nervous system's nonconducting cells, which protect, nourish and support the neurons? | Neuroglia (glial cells) |
| What are the two stages of an action potential, and what happens during each? | The rising phase or depolarization, when the charge on the membrane reverses, and the falling phase or repolarization , when the charge returns to the resting state. |
| What ions are involved in generating an action potential? | Sodium and Potassium |
| How does the myelin sheath affect conduction along an axon? | It speeds conduction along an axon. |
| What is the junction between two neurons called? | Synapse |
| As a group, what are all the chemicals that carry information across the synaptic cleft called? | Neurotransmitters |
| How are the gray and white matter arranged in the spinal cord? | Gray matter forms an H-shaped section in the center of the cord and extends in two pairs of columns called the dorsal and ventral horns. The white matter is located around the gray matter. |
| What is the purpose of the tracts in the spinal cord's white matter? | Tracts in the white matter of the spinal cord carry impulses to and from the brain. Ascending tracts conduct toward the brain; descending tracts conduct away from the brain. |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| What types of fibers are in a spinal nerve's dorsal root? What types are in its ventral root? | the dorsal root contains sensory fibers; the ventral root contains motor fibers. |
| What is the term for a network of spinal nerves? | Plexus |
| What is the name for a pathway through the nervous system from a stimulus to an effector? | A reflex arc |
| How many neurons are there in motor pathway of the ANS? | 2 |
| Which division of the ANS stimulates a stress response? Which division reverses the stress response? | The sympathetic system stimulates a stress response; the parasympathetic system reverses a stress response. |
| What is removed in a lumbar puncture? | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| What is the meaning of the word plegia? | Paralysis |
| What term is used for any disorder of the nerves? | Neuropathy |
| The brain and spinal cord make up the | CNS |
| The ion that enters a cell to cause depolarization is | sodium |
| The term that describes conduction along a myelinated axon is | saltatory |
| In the spinal cord, sensory information travels in | ascending tracts. |
| The common term for herpes zoster is | shingles |
| Cells that carry impulses from the CNS | motor neurons |
| Cells that carry impulses to the CNS | sensory neurons |
| Cells that carry impulses within the CNS | interneurons |
| Cells that detect a stimulus | receptors |
| Cells that carry out a response to a stimulus | effectors |
| Which system directly innervates skeletal muscles? | somatic nervous system |
| What cells are involved in most nervous system tumors? | neuroglia |
| Where do afferent nerve fibers enter the spinal cord? | dorsal horn |
| What system promotes the "fight or flight" response? | sympathetic nervous system |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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