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GOV UNIT 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Baker v Carr | Court held that redistricting qualifies as a justiciable question, thus letting courts hear redistricting cases |
| Shaw v Reno | Determined that race cannot be the predominant factor in redistricting |
| Trustee | an individual person or member of a board given control or powers of administration of property in trust with a legal obligation to administer it solely for the purposes specified |
| Appropriations Committee | propose bills that authorize the expenditure of government funds |
| Judiciary Committee | oversee the Justice department, consider executive nominations, and review legislation |
| Ways and Means Committee | chief tax-writing committee which has jurisdiction over all taxation, tariffs, and other revenue raising measures |
| Rules Committee | expedite the passage of bills |
| Filibuster | an attempt to block or delay senate action on a bill or other matter |
| Cloture | Senate may extend debate for 30 hours |
| Logrolling | the practice of exchanging favors, especially in politics by reciprocal voting for each other's proposed legislation |
| Pork Barrel Spending | the use of government funds for projects designed to please voters or legislators and win votes |
| Earmark | designate funds or resources for a particular purpose |
| Executive privilege | the privilege of POTUS of withholding information from the public |
| Federalist 70 | Hamilton wants a unitary executive in order to ensure accountability in government and enable POTUS to defend against Congress's encroachments of power |
| Congressional Oversight | the review monitorings and supervision of federal agencies, programs, etc. |
| Senatorial Courtesy | Presidential appointments are confirmed if there's no objection to them by the senators from the appointee's state |
| Litmus Test | a question asked of a potential candidate of high office, the answer to which would determine whether the nominating official would proceed with the appointment or nomination |
| Rule 4 | permits 4 of 9 justices to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or administrative |
| Writ of Certiorari | a court process to seek judicial review of a decision of a lower court or administrative |
| Amicus Curie brief | a persuasive legal document by someone with an interest in the case on appeal, established by the court in its ruling |
| Judicial Activism | the court should consider broader conceptions issues of justice in the context of a living constitution |
| Judicial Restraint | the court should obey its own precedent |
| Federalist 78 | discusses power of Judicial Review; courts should decide if Congress's actions are constitutional |
| Marbury v Madison | Established the power of judicial review |
| Article 3 of Constitution | Creates the Federal Courts; talks about powers and cases that can be heard; treason |
| precedent | when SCOTUS makes a decision, other courts follow that decision |
| Judicial Independence | the concept that the judiciary should be independent from the other branches of government |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | the court hears an appeal from a court of original jurisdiction |
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