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Muscle groups
Intermediate layers of the back
Iliocostalis lumborum | Longissimus thoracis | Iliocostalis thoracis | Iliocostalis Cervicis | Longissimus Cervicis | Longissimus Capitis | Spinalis Thoracis |
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O- Iliac crest | O- Tip of TPs of lumbar and lower thoracic | O- Costal surface of lower six ribs | O- Costal surface of the upper six ribs | O- Tip of the Transverse processes of T1- T6 | O- Tip of TPs of C5- T4 | O- Spinous processes of T10 to L5 |
I- Costal surface of lower six ribs | I- Tip of TPs of all thoracic and the 9th and 10th ribs | I- Costal surface of the upper six ribs | I- TPs of C4- C6 | I- Tip of the TPs or C2- C6 | I- Mastoid process of temporal | I- Spinous process of T8- T1 |
A- Extends the lumbar spine | A- Extends the spine | A- Maintains erect posture and extends the thoracic spine | A- Extends the lower cervical | A- Extends the cervical spine | A- Extends the head and neck, rotates head to same side, laterally flexes head to same side | A- Extends the spine |