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Lymphatic & Immune
Chapter 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| lymph | a fluid extracted from blood plasma, has a lower amount of suspended proteins than plasma. In the tissue it's called interstitial fluid, in the capillaries & vessels its lymph |
| thoracic duct | collects lymph from the left side of head, left arm & chest, both legs, dumps into left subclavian vein |
| right lymphatic duct | collects lymph from right side of head, right arm & chest, dumps into right subclavian vein |
| lymphoid nodule | small area w/ many lymphocytes packed into areolar tissue, NOT surrounded by capsule |
| surface membrane barriers | provides a physical barrier & produces secretions which kill pathogens (skin, mucus membranes) |
| natural killer cells | detect pathogens and release cytotoxic chemicals to kill them |
| inflammation | reduces the spread of pathogens & stimulates the immune response |
| interferons | antimicrobial chemicals released from infected body cells, they warn nearby healthy body cells who then increase their defenses |
| complement | antimicrobial chemicals which agglutinates (sticks) onto a pathogen, making it difficult to spread |
| fever | stimulate immune cell response making the pathogen uncomfortable in the body |
| antigens | substances on the surface of the cell membranes that can provoke an immune response |
| self-antigens | found on the surface of our body cells |
| foreign antigens | not normally found in the body |
| macrophages antigen presenting cells | engulf (eat) foreign particles and place fragments of these on their own surface to signal immunocompetent T cells |
| helper T cells CD4 cells | "directors/managers" activated by an antigen presenting cell they stimulate B & killer cells, attract other WBCs, and increase the activity of the macrophages |
| killer T cells cytotoxic T cells CDB cells | specialized killers, directly attack & kill cancer, infected, and foreign graft cells. inject toxic chemicals into target cell membranes |
| B-lymphocytes B cells | produce & release antibodies called immunoglobulins |
| plasma cells | antibody factories, created when B cells are activated & divide |
| memory B cells | on guard for second exposure, if this happens they divide into plasma cells created when B cells are activated & divide |
| bacteria | one celled organisms, gram + no membrane; gram - have membrane |
| viruses | one celled organisms, can live inside a host body |
| fungi myocoses | single or multi cells can come from inside or outside the body |
| parasite | a living organism that lives inside the host |
| prion | non living proteins which can cause changes in the brain of infected people and animals |
| autogenous infections | infections caused by an organism already living inside the host |
| cross infections | illnesses spread from person to person |
| droplet contact | through aerosolized droplets spread by sneezing, coughing, or talking |
| airborne | smaller particles (than droplet) spread in the air, they can survive longer in the air without drying out |
| oral-fecal | fecal to ingesting |
| bodily fluids | contact with body fluids |
| vector | another organism carries the pathogen. mechanical=carries outside its body and transmits it. biological= pathogen is spread from inside the vector usually through a bite (west nile) |
| indirect contact | touching a contaminated surface |
Created by:
michellerolfs
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