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Ch 5 Study Guide
Things to know for Disease and Disease producting organisms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is disease? | Abnormality of the structure or function of a part, organ, or system. |
| Name several categories of disease. | Infectious, degenerative, nutritional, metabolic immune, neoplasms, psychiatric disorders. |
| What is the definition of a predisposing cause of disease? | Factors known to increase one's susceptibility to a specific disease. |
| List several predisposing causes of disease. | Age, gender, heredity, living conditions and lifestyle, emotional disturbance, physical and chemical damage. preexisting illness. |
| Identify three types of statistics typically collected by epidemiologists. | Incidence rate, Prevalence rate, Mortality rate. |
| What is the identification of an illness called? | Diagnosis |
| What is a symptom? A sign? | Disease conditions experienced by the patient, such as pain, fatigue, joint stiffness, or nausea. Sign- objective manifestations such as a rash, a rapid pulse, or wheezing, things that can be observed. |
| What is the relationship between a parasite and a host? | Parasites live on or within a living host at the host's expense. |
| What is a communicable disease? | is one that can be transmitted from one person to another; contagious or catching. |
| What term describes any disease-causing organism? | Pathogen |
| What are some portals of entry and exit for microorganisms? | Mucous membranes of the respiratory , digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts. Portals of entry can be exit routes as well ( discharges from resp and digestive tracts) |
| What categories of organisms are studied in microbiology? | Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae |
| What term refers to microorganisms that normally live in or on the body? | Normal flora |
| What are resistant forms of bacteria called? | Endospores |
| What are the 3 basic shapes of bacteria? | Cocci ( round) Bacilli (rod shaped) and curved rods, including vibrios, spirilla, and spirochetes. |
| How do viruses differ from bacteria? | Viruses are smaller than bacteria, are not cellular, and have no organelles. They contain only DNA or RNA, not both. |
| What type of organism causes a mycotic infection? | A fungus |
| What group of microorganisms is most animal-like? | Protozoa |
| What is the study of worms called? | Helminthology |
| Name two types of arthropods? | Insects and arachnids(spiders and mites) |
| What are the two levels of asepsis? | Sterilization and disinfection |
| What is the single most important measure for preventing the spread of infection? | Handwashing |
| What is an antibiotic? | A substance produced by living cells that has the power to kill or arrest the growth of bacteria. |
| What are the dyes used to color microorganisms called? | Stains |
| An inadequate diet may result in ________ disorders such as scurvy or rickets. | Nutritional |
| The study of the cause of any disease or the theory of its origin is ______ | Etiology |
| An _______ infection attacks an individual already weakened by disease. | Opportunistic |
| The term for a complex disorder characterized by a cluster of typical symptoms and signs is a _______ | syndrome |
| Certain molds and soil bacteria produce bacteria-killing substances called________ | antibiotics |
| Organisms that can cause Lyme disease, tuberculosis, and gonorrhea | bacteria |
| Organisms that cause AIDS, hepatitis, and influenza | viruses |
| Organisms that cause athlete's foot, ringworm, and thrush. | fungi |
| Organisms that cause amebic dysentery, giardiasis, and malaria | protozoa |
| Organisms that cause pinworm, trichimosis and filariasis | helminths |
| The incidence of early heart disease is higher in men than in women. What is the predisposing cause of the disease in this example? | Gender |
| What is a prognosis? | A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease. |
| Which of the following statements best describes an iatrogenic disease? | it results from the adverse effects of treatment |
| What enables some bacteria to swim rapidly? | flagella |
| Which protozoa are all obligate parasites? | apicomplexans |
| Which of the following are examples of arthropods? | insects, spiders and mites |
| What is meant by the virulence of an organism? | its ability to cause disease |
Created by:
Jessica Venyke
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