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2VCOMPathSDL11/12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the hallmarks of acute inflammation rxn? | Blood vessel dialation, leukocyte accumulation, Exudation |
| What does blood vessel dialation achieve and what is it called? | slows blood flow and is called hypermia |
| What is exudation? | Accumulation of fluid in extravascular tissue |
| Following and injury like a bad burn, what is the fluid filled space formed between epidermis and dermis called? | a fluid filled bulla |
| Vascular permeability caused by inflammation manifest as what? | Serous, fibrinous and suppurative inflammation |
| What is the difference between exudate and transudate? | exudate has more protein than transudate |
| What sort of conditions cause serous inflammation? | varicella, herpes simplex virus, burns, pleural, pericardial and peritoneal effusions related to viral infections, the common blister, tuberculous pleuritis, and pericarditis |
| Normal outcome of serous inflammation? | Exudate is removed (reabsorbed) and normal function is restored |
| What is fibrinous inflammation | fibrin deposition is dominant |
| Examples of fibrinous inflammation | uremic pericarditis, cardiac surgery, pericardis accompanying acute myocardial infarction |
| Fibrinous or serous inflammation: which happens with a more extensive injury? | fibrinous |
| Describe the consequences of inflammation of the pericardial sac | The inflammation causes the parietal and visceral surgaces of the roughened pericardium to rub against each other, producing an extracardiac sound- this is known as pericardial friction rub. |
| Describe the two outcomes of fibrinous inflammation | 1) fribrinous exudate is removed by fibrinolysis and normal function is restored 2) Scar tissue forms because fibrin is not removed for an extended period. Fibroblasts & blood vessels grow & deposit collagen (scar tissue). Loss of function ensues. |
| What is suppurative inflammation? | Large amount of pus produced |
| What is another name for suppurative inflammation | purulent inflammation |
| What is another name for pus? | purulent exudate |
| What is pus? | thick creamy fluid of intact and disintegrating neutrophils (a type of leukocyte) within a background of fragmented and liquified tissue elements. |
| When pus is green, what is the reason | High myeloperoxidase levels in the neutrophils |
| Pus is an example of what type of necrosis? | liquefactive |
| Examples of suppurative inflammation | pus, abscess, phegmon |
| What is an abscess? | localized collection of pus due to suppurative inflammation, typically this inflammation is caused by a pyogenic bacteria |
| What is a pyogenic membrane | A membrane that surrounds the abscess walling it off from the rest of the world |
| What is phlegmon? | Diffuse supparative inflammation in the connective tissue. It has poorly defined margins and therefore it is rapidly spreading |
| Give two examples of phelgmon | Cellulitis and acute appendicitis |
| What is an empyema? | A collection of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity like the pleura |
| Difference between an empyema and abscess | Empyema are in a natural anatomical cavity whereas an abscess is in a newly created cavity |
| What is a parapneumonic pleural effusion? | buildup of pleural fluid which develops in the setting of pneumonia |
| What is a thoracentesis | A chest tube that is used to treat a parapneumonic pleural effusion-gets rid of the fluid, as long as its flowing |
| What is a thoractomy? | procedure in which chest is opened and the now thick fluid is removed in addition to peeling the thick rid of infectious maturial off the pleura |
| What is hemorrhagic inflammation? | type of fibrinous inflammation where small blood vessel damage severe enough to let RBCs from the lumen to escape into the extravascular space |
| What conditions are marked by hemorrhagic inflammation | anthrax, some, viral conditions like influenza pneumonia, rickettisial typhus and rocky mountain spotted fever |
| What is catarrhal inflammation? | mucous membranes are inflammed. first is serous in nature, but then profuse discharge of mucous occurs. Examples: common cold, hey fever, rhinitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, and asthma |
| What is an ulcer? | local defect or excavation of the surface mucosa of an organ that is made by the sloughing shedding of necrotic inflammatory tissue. |
| Color of serrous exudate | Clear, strawlike yellow |
| What are the systemic effects of inflammation? | fever, acute phase proteins, acceleration of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and leukocytosis |
| What are pyrogens | substances that illicit fever by stimulating prostaglandin synthesis in vascular and perivascular cells of the hypothalamus |
| How do NSAIDS like aspirin reduce fever? | inhibit PG synthesis |
| Role of acute phase proteins is what? | bind to microbial cell walls potentially acting as opsonins that fix complement; bind to chromatin,potentially helping get rid of necrotic nuclei, |
| What is the effect of prolonged production of acute phase proteins? | Amyloidosis, a lethal disease |
| What is ESR and what does it do? | Erythrocyte settling rate that measures how fast RBCS settle downward in a tube |
| What's the use of ESR | Screening test (not Dx) for inflammation. Faster ESR=inflammation |
| What is leukocytosis? | Too many white blood cells |
| What is leulopenia | Too few blood cells |
| What is leukocytosis often found in? | inflammation rxns |
| Neutrophilia is what? | Increase in neutrophil blood count |
| What is lymphocytosis? | An increase in number of lymphocytes |
| What causes lymphocytosis | Viral infections, i.e mono, mumps, measles, |
| What conditions are marked by eosinophilia? | bronchial asthma, allergy, and parasitic infestations |
| What conditions have leukopenia? | disseminated cancer, rampant tb, severe alcoholism |
Created by:
VCOM2013
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