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Chap2 Study Guide

Questions from Chapter 2

QuestionAnswer
The subunits of elements are...... Atoms
The atomic number is the number of........... in an atom's nucleus Protons
A mixture of solute dissolved in a solvent is called a...... Solution
Blood has a pH of 7.35-7.45. Gastric juice has a pH of about 2.0. The more alkaline fluid is...... Blood
Proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions are called.... Enzymes
A simple carbohydrate such as glucose. Monosaccharide
A complex carbohydrate such as glycogen. Polysaccharide
An important component of cell membranes. Phospholipids
Examples include DNA, RNA, and ATP. Nucleotide
The basic building block of protein. Amino Acid
What type of mixture is red blood cells "floating" in plasma? Suspension
What is the most abundant compound in the body? Water
Which compound releases ions when in solution? Electrolyte
Which substance releases a hydrogen ion when dissolved in water? Acid
Which element is found in all organic compounds? Carbon
What are three types of particles found in atoms? Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Which type of chemical bond is formed by an exchange of electrons? Ionic
Which type of chemical bond is formed by a sharing of electrons? Covalent
What happens when a electrolyte goes into a solution? It separates into charged particles called ions (cations and anions)
What is a molecule? Two or more atoms that make up chemical substances.
What is a compound? Substances that contain molecules formed by different elements.
What is a buffer? A substance that maintains a steady pH of a solution.
What word is used to describe isotopes that give off radiation? Raidoisotope
What element is the basis of organic chemistry? Carbon
What are the three main categories of organic compounds? Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
What is an enzyme? Proteins that are essential for metabolism.
What is a nucleotide, and what compounds are made of nucleotides? Contains a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. DNA, RNA, and ATP.
Created by: Jessica Venyke