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Ch 1 Lect. Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | Studies the structure of the body parts (what it is) |
| Physiology | How the structures work (what it does) |
| Gross anatomy / macroscopic anatomy | Can be seen by the naked eye |
| Microscopic anatomy | Can be seen with a microscope |
| Regional anatomy | All the structures in a particular area of the body |
| System anatomy | Looks at just one system (cardiovascular, nervous, muscular) |
| Cytology | The study of Cells |
| Histology | The study of Tissues |
| Embryology | Study of Development before birth |
| Anatomy and physiology are what to eachother? | They are complementary to eachother |
| Levels the body is organized smallest to largest: | Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal |
| The chemical level contains: | Atoms (smallest non living units of the body), molecules, and organelles |
| Cellular level contains: | Single cell |
| Tissue level contains: | Group of similar cells |
| Organ level contains: | Contains at least 2 types of tissues |
| Organ system level contains: | Organs that work together |
| Organismal level contains: | All organ systems combined to make the whole organism |
| 8 necessary life functions: (Maintenance of life involves:) | Maintaining boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth |
| Maintaining boundaries: | Separation between internal and external environments must exist |
| Movement: what allows it and what refers to movement at the cellular level | Muscular system allows movement Contractility refers to movement at the cellular level |
| Responsiveness: what it is and an example | Ability to sense and respond to stimuli. Withdrawal reflex from injury |
| Digestion: what it does | Breakdown of ingested foods, followed by absorption of simple molecules into blood |
| metabolism: what it is and the meaning of Catabolism Anabolism | All chemical reactions that occur in body cells Breakdown of molecules is catabolism The synthesis or the growing of molecules is anabolism |
| What is excretion | The removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion |
| The 11 organ systems And what they do | Skeletal system- protects and supports also Stores calcium Muscular system- helps move around and provides heat nervous system- quickest to respond to stimuli (fast-action control center) regulator for endocrine glands |
| 11 organ systems continued | Endocrine system- secretes hormones and second fastest to respond to stimuli Cardiovascular- move oxygen and carbon dioxide lymphatic system- The immune response. Shrinks as you grow in children it’s large in the chest area. |
| 11 organ systems continued more | Respiratory system-oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanging. How air moves around. Pharynx is digestive and respiratory. Larynx is solo respiratory Digestive system- A tube from the mouth to the anus. Similar tissue in both the top and the bottom half |
| 11 organ systems final | Urinary system- excretion. Transitional epithelium Female reproductive system- vagina, ovaries Male reproductive system- testicles |
| The survival needs at cell level and full level | Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temperature, appropriate atmospheric pressure |
| What is homeostasis | It’s the “steady state” the body maintains internally. A dynamic state of equilibrium that is always readjusting as needed |
| Homeostatic controls | Receptor, control center, and effector |
| The receptor | Affective. Response to stimuli |
| Control center | Determines a set point at which variable is maintained. Determines an appropriate response |
| Effector | Receives output from the control center |
| What is negative feedback | And abnormality. The most used feedback mechanism in the body |
| What is Positive feedback | Response that enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus. Further it’s self along to an end. Example birth or blood clotting |
Created by:
Pelinair