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Orofacial Anatomy
Module I
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Maxilla | Upper arch; fixed, made of 2 fused bones |
| Mandible | Lower, arch; mobile, made of single horseshoe shaped bone |
| Primary/deciduous dentition | Made of 20 teeth: 10 maxillary and 10 mandibular Exfoliate, fall out, by age 12 or 13 |
| Permanent/succedaneous | Made of 32 teeth: 16 maxillary and 16 mandibular |
| Emergence | an EVENT such as when the tooth emerges from gingiva |
| Eruption | a PROCESS such as the act of a tooth moving occlusally and becoming visible in the oral cavity |
| 4 Functional Categories of Teeth | 1.Incisors 2.Canine 3.Premolars 4.Molars |
| Anterior teeth | Incisors and canines |
| Posterior teeth | Premolars and molars |
| Primary Dental Formula | I (2/2) C(1/1) M(2/2) = 10 teeth on each side of the midline |
| Permanent Dental Formula | I (2/2) C(1/1) P(2/2) M(3/3) = 16 teeth on each side of midline |
| 4 Tissues of the Tooth | 1.Cementum 2.Enamel 3.Dentin 4.Pulp |
| Cementum | dull yellow CALCIFIED tissue that covers the anatomic root; it develops from the mesoderm |
| Enamel | hardest (calcified) tooth tissue; cover anatomical crown; develops from the ectoderm |
| Dentin | hard (calcified) tissue underlying enamel and cementum and making up bulk of the tooth; develops from mesoderm |
| Pulp | soft (non-calcified) tissue which develops from the dental papilla(mesoderm); located within the pulp cavity of a tooth |
| Formative Function of Dental Pulp | odontoblast cells of pulp produce dentin throughout life of tooth |
| Sensory Function of Dental Pulp | pulp senses pain from heat, cold, drilling, sweets, decay, trauma, and infection |
| Nutritive Function of Dental Pulp | Feeds the tooth |
| Defensive/Protective Function of Dental Pulp | pulp responds to injury or decay by forming secondary or sclerotic dentin |
| Pulp Chamber | located in the crown of anterior teeth; located partly in the crown but mostly in the cervical part of the root of posterior teeth; one per tooth; is lined with odontoblasts |
| Root Canals | continuation of the pulp chamber; near or at the root apices are opening (1 or more) called apical foramen |
| Anatomic Crown | part of a tooth that has an enamel surface |
| Clinical Crown | part of a tooth that is exposed to the oral cavity |
| Anatomic Root | part of a tooth that has a cemental surface |
| Clinical Root | part of a tooth that is not exposed to the oral cavity |
| Apex Root | tip or peak at the end of the root |
| Root Trunk | part of the root of molars or bifurcated premolars near the CEJ; extends from the CEJ to the furcation area |
| Cervix | part of the root or crown near the CEJ |
| Bifurcation | division of one into two branches |
| Trifurcation | division of one into three branches |
| Cervical Line (CEJ) | cementoenamel junction |
| Mesial | surface toward or adjacent to the midline |
| Distal | surface away from the midline |
| Facial | outer surface of the teeth collectively |
| Labial | surface of anterior teeth towards the lips |
| Buccal | surface of posterior teeth near the cheek |
| Lingual | surface near tongue or palate |
| Palatal | surface of maxillary teeth near the palate |
| Occlusal | masticating (chewing) surfaces of posterior teeth |
| Incisal | cutting edge, ridge, or surface of anterior teeth |
| Interproximal | between teeth |
| Contact area | area where the tooth touches the tooth adjacent to it in the same arch |
| Alveolar bone | portion of the jaw bone which supports the teeth |
| Alveolus | bony socket of a tooth |
| Cingulum | enlargement on the cervical third of the lingual surface of the crown of anterior teeth |
| Crest of curvature | highest point of a curve or the area of greatest convexity or bulge |
| Cusp | point or peak on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth and on the incisal edge of canines |
| Cusp slopes | inclined surfaces that form an angle at the cusp tip when viewed from the facial or lingual aspects |
| Developmental groove | sharply declined,narrow, linear depression formed during tooth development |
| Dilaceration | abnormal condition (anomaly) of a tooth that has the crown, root, or both twisted |
| Embrasures | V-shaped spillway space between the contact areas of adjacent teeth at the facial, lingual, or occlusal surface |
| Fissure | narrow channel formed a the bottom of a developmental groove |
| Fossa | depression found on the lingual surface of some anterior teeth and on the occlusal surface of all posterior teeth |
| Line angle | line formed at the meeting point of two surfaces |
| Lobes | primary centers from which teeth develop |
| Mamelon | one of three tubercles (bulges) often seen on newly erupted central incisors; usually war off once the tooth comes in to functional, normal position; represent the three lobes of the central incisors (mesial, middle, and distal) |
| Midline | term for the dividing line between the right and left sides of the body; it falls between the central incisors |
| Perikymata | fine horizontal lines on the enamel surface of the crown of newly erupted teeth; eventually disappears due to abrasion from eating and tooth brushing |
| Pit | small, often deep fault of depression, formed at the union or intersection of two or more developmental grooves or sometimes at the end of a single groove |
| Quadrant | one of the four parts or quarters of the dentition |
| Ridge | area at which two slopes meet |
| Root axis line | determined by bisecting the root at the cervix |
| Supplemental groove | small, irregularly placed grooves usually found on occlusal surfaces |
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FoxHunt42
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