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MT - Ch. 12
Essentials of Medical Terminology - Ch 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cardiovascular system | heart & blood vessels (arteries, veins, & capillaries) |
| arteries | carry blood away from the heart |
| veins | carry blood toward the heart |
| capillaries | tiny blood vessels that join the arterial & venous systems & carry blood to the organs |
| heart lies within | pericardium which is located in the thoracic cavity, posterior to the sternum & left of the midline |
| it is connected to the aorta | which is inferior & superior venae cavae, & pulmonary veins & arteries |
| heart have | four chambers (r&l atria, r&l ventricles) |
| septum | structure separates r&l sides of the heart |
| artioventricular valves | allow blood to flow from artria to ventricles |
| right artioventricular valve | tricuspid valve |
| left artioventricular valve | bicuspid or mitral valve |
| semilunar valves | allow blood to flow from the ventricles to arteries |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | allows blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery |
| aortic semilunar valve | allows blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta |
| layers of the heart (in to out) | endocardium, myocardium, & epicardium |
| endocardium (thin inside) | is epithelial tissue |
| myocardium (thick middle layer) | consists of cardiac muscle tissue |
| epicardium (outer layer) | connective & epithelial tissue |
| pericardium is | sac filled w/pericardial fluid |
| parietal layer | outer covering of the pericardium |
| visceral layer (epicardium) | inner lining of the pericardium |
| conduction system | the heart's electrical system (if removed from body) |
| conduction system have 5 specialized network of muscle cells | sinoatrial node (SA node, pacemaker), artioventricular node (AV node), atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle, or bundle of His), r&l bundle branches, purkinje fibers |
| SA node | initiates an impulse |
| sent to AV node | causing atria to contract |
| then AV bundle & purkinje fibers | causing the ventricles to contract |
| electrocardiograph | instrument monitor & produce a written record of the electrical activity of the heart |
| electrocardiogram (ECG) consists | P waves(atrial contraction), QRS waves (ventricular contraction), & T waves (ventricular recovery) |
| heartbeat consists | systole (contraction phase) & diastole (resting phase) |
| pulse | dilation of the arteries during the systolic phase |
| sphygmomanometer | blood pressure is measured |
| systolic pressure | is higher (first number) |
| diastolic pressure | is lower (second number) |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| murmur | blowing sound indicative of abnormal blood flow |
| lupp (S1-first heat sound) | is sound of the artioventricular valves closing |
| dubb (S2-second heart sound) | is sound of semilunar valves closing |
| complete heartbeat | lupp-dubb |
| blood vessels consists | arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, & capillaries |
| capillary beds | are embedded in the organs |
| capillaries | feed the cells, take away waste, & connect the arterial & venous systems |
| heart is fed by | coronary arteries |
| collateral circulation | another route if one road is blocked off for repair (arterial system has parallel routes to allow blockages) |
| arteries & veins | usually named after organ thru which they pass (capillaries are not named) |
| constrict/o | to draw together |
| dilat/o | to expand |
| angi/o | vessel |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| angiography | process of recording a blood vessel using x-ray following injection of a contrast medium |
| angioplasty | surgical repair of stenosed (narrowed) blood vessels (pg.256) |
| angiospasm | sudden, involuntary contraction of a blood vessel; vasospasm |
| aort/o | aorta |
| -stenosis | narrowing |
| aortostenosis | narrowing of the aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arteriography | process of recording the arteries using x-ray & following injection of a contrast medium |
| -ole | small |
| arteriole | small arteries |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries due to the loss of elasticity of the arterial walls |
| arteriostenosis | narrowing of an artery |
| -ectomy | surgical removal; excision |
| endarterectomy | removal of the inner lining of the arterial wall (used to treat atherosclerosis) |
| ather/o | fatty debris; fatty plaque |
| atheroma | fatty mass or debris |
| atherosclerosis | accumulation of fatty debris on the arterial wall |
| atri/o | atrium (upper chamber of the heart) |
| inter | between |
| septum | wall |
| interatrial septum | wall b/w the atria |
| cardi/o | heart |
| cardiologist | specialist in the study of cardiology |
| cardiology | study of the heart, including the diagnosis & treatment of heart disorders |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| cardiomeagaly | enlarged heart |
| -gram | record |
| electr/o | electric |
| electrocardiogram | record of the electrical activity of the heart |
| my/o | muscle |
| myocardial | pertaining to the heart muscle |
| pan | all |
| pancarditis | inflammation of all the walls of the heart, including the epicardium, myocardium, & endocardium |
| peri | around |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium |
| -um | structure |
| pericardium | structure around the heart |
| coron/o | crown |
| coronary arteries | arteries that supply the heart w/blood (sit on top of the heart like a crown) |
| ech/o | sound |
| echocardiogram | record of the heart produced by sound waves |
| embol/o | plug |
| -us | condition; thing |
| embolus | plug of clotted blood that is transported thru bloodstream by the blood current |
| isch/o | hold back |
| myocardial ischemia | hold back of blood to the heart muscle |
| angina pectoris | severe chest pain |
| myocardial infarction | area of tissue that undergone necrosis (death) due to lack of blood supply to the heart |
| phleb/o | vein |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| phlebothrombosis | abnormal condition of clots in a vein |
| thromb/o | clot |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein w/ clot formation |
| rhythm/o | rhythm |
| a(n)- | no; not |
| arrhythmia | deviation from the normal heart rhythm |
| scler/o | hardening |
| -therapy | treatment |
| sclerotherapy | injection of a soln into a vein for the purpose of destroying the vein inner lining by sclerosis |
| thrombus | blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel |
| valvul/o | valve |
| valvuloplasty | surgical repair of a valve |
| varic/o | twisted & swollen |
| -ose | pertaining to |
| varicose veins (pg 261) | twisted, swollen superficial veins, typically of the saphenous vein of the lower leg |
| vascul/o | vessel |
| avascular | pertaining to no blood vessels |
| cerebr/o | brain |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | disturbance in the flow of blood to one or more parts of the brain (stroke) |
| vas/o | vein |
| extravasation | excape of fluid into the surrounding tissue |
| vasoconstriction | process of drawing together the walls of a vessel; narrowing of the lumen; vasospasm |
| vasodilation | process of vessel expansion; widening of the vessel |
| ven/o | vein |
| venous | pertaining to a vein |
| venule | small vein |
| ventricul/o | ventricle (lower chamber of the heart) |
| interventricular septum | pertaining to the wall b/w the ventricles |
| -ectasis | dilation; dilation; stretching |
| angiectasis | dilation of a blood vessel |
| -brady | slow |
| bradycardia | slow heartbeat |
| -tachy | fast |
| tachycardia | fast heartbeat |
| BP | blood pressure |
| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart diease (damage to the heart due to the obstruction of a coronary artery) |
Created by:
ltravis
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