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The Endocrine System
Chapter 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Amino Acid Based Hormones | composed of proteins, peptides, or amines |
| Steroid Based Hormones | composed of cholesterol |
| hypothalamus | brain region |
| pituitary gland | brain region- divided anterior & posterior |
| pineal gland | brain region |
| thyroid | neck & thorax |
| parathyroid | neck & thorax |
| thymus | neck & thorax |
| adrenal | abdominopelvic (cortex&medulla) |
| pancreas | abdominaopelvic |
| gonads | abdominaopelvic (ovaries & testes) |
| releasing & inhibiting hormones | produced in/by: hypothalamus target cell/tissue: anterior pituitary cells effects: regulate secretions of hormones |
| thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) | produced in/by: anterior pituitary target cell/tissue: thyroid effects: stimulates production of thyroid hormones |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | produced in/by: anterior pituitary target cell/tissue: adrenal cortex effects: stimulates secretion of hormones |
| follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) | produced in/by: anterior pituitary target cell/tissue: ovaries/testes effects: estrogen & egg development, sperm development |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | produced in/by: anterior pituitary target cell/tissue: mammary glands effects: ovulation, progesterone, testosterone |
| prolactin (PRL) | produced in/by: anterior pituitary target cell/tissue: mammary glands effects: stimulates milk production |
| growth hormone (GH) | produced in/by: anterior pituitary target cell/tissue: skeletal mm, bones effects: stimulates growth |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) pituitary | produced in/by: hypothalamus, stored & released by posterior pituitary target cell/tissue: kidneys effects: stimulate water reabsorption, decrease urine production |
| oxytocin (OT) | produced in/by: hypothalamus, stored & released by posterior pituitary target cell/tissue: uterus, mammary glands effects: stimulates contraction & milk ejection |
| melatonin | produced in/by: pinealcytes in pineal gland target cell/tissue: hypothalamus effects: sleep rhythm |
| thyroxine (T4) & triiodothyronine (T3) | produced in/by: follicle cells in the thyroid gland target cell/tissue: all body cells effects: metabolic rate, essential for normal growth & development |
| calcitonin (CT) | produced in/by: parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland target cell/tissue: bones effects: deposits calcium in bones |
| parathyroid hormone | produced in/by: chief cells in the parathyroid gland target cell/tissue: bones, renal tubulars of kidney effects: |
| aldosterone | produced in/by: adrenal cortex target cell/tissue: renal tubulars of kidney effects: causes reabsorption of sodium out of urine into bloodstream, increases blood Na levels |
| cortisol | produced in/by: adrenal cortex target cell/tissue: all cells effects: cope w/ stress, increase blood glucose levels, decrease inflammation |
| sex hormones | produced in/by: adrenal cortex target cell/tissue: all body cells effects:androgens & estrogens (small amounts) for opposite sex |
| epinephrine norepinephrine | produced in/by: adrenal medulla target cell/tissue: skeletal, cardiac, & smooth mm effects: stimulates fight or flight increase BP & HR |
| glucagon | produced in/by: alpha cells of pancreas target cell/tissue: liver, adipose stores effects:raises blood glucose levels |
| insulin | produced in/by: beta cells of pancreas target cell/tissue: all body cells effects:lowers blood glucose levels |
| androgens (testosterone) | produced in/by: testes target cell/tissue:most body cells effects: secondary sex characteristics, promotes spermatogenesis, sex drive, growth in adolescence |
| estrogens (estradiol) | produced in/by: follicles in ovary target cell/tissue: most body cells, uterus effects:secondary sex characteristics, develop uterine lining |
| progestins (progesterone) | produced in/by: target cell/tissue: effects: |
| calcitrol | produced in/by: kidney target cell/tissue: intestines, bone, kidney effects:stimulates calcium & phosphate ion absorption in digestive tract, stimulates osteoclasts, stimulates calcium reabsorption in kidneys |
| erythropoietin (EPO) | produced in/by: kidney target cell/tissue: red bone marrow effects:increases red blood cell production |
| renin | produced in/by: kidney target cell/tissue: proteins in blood, renal cortex effects:triggers renin-angiotensin mechanism |
| natriuretic peptides | produced in/by: heart target cell/tissue: kidney, hypothalamus, adrenal gland effects:increased water loss, and sodium loss in the kidneys decreased thirst, decreased ADH decreases aldosterone (lower blood pressure & volume) |
| thymosins | produced in/by: thymus target cell/tissue: lymphocytes effects:maturation of T lymphocytes |
| resistin | produced in/by:adipose target cell/tissue:body cells effects:decrease insulin sensitivity |
| leptin | produced in/by:adipose target cell/tissue:hypothalamus effects:control of appetite, sense of satiation, female reproduction |
| secretin, gastrin, cholecystokinin | produced in/by: intestines target cell/tissue: digestive system organs effects:help coordinate digestive activities |
| estrogen & progesterone | produced in/by: placenta target cell/tissue:uterus, breast tissue effects:growth & development of fetus, prep for lactation |
| relaxin | produced in/by: placenta target cell/tissue: joint tissues effects: loosens joints |
Created by:
michellerolfs
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