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hyg191 2basicanatomy
cell structures, mitosis and molecules
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adenosine triphosphate | compound of one molecule each of adenine and D-ribose with three molecules of phosphoric acid that is concerned with energy transformations in metabolism |
| anaphase | stage of mitosis; chromosomes separate |
| autolysis | process by which lysosomes break open within the cell, resulting in the self-digestion of the cell |
| autosome | chromosomes without sex traits |
| centriole | organelle involved with moving chromosomes during cell division |
| chromatin | nucleic acid and protein substance that make up a chromosome |
| chromosome | gene-containing filamentous structure in a cell nucleus |
| cisternae | enclosed space |
| codon | three adjacent nucleotides coding a specific amino acid |
| cytoplasm | living substance of a cell |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | type of ribonucleic acid; considered the basic material of life and involved in the genetic code |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a complex of tubes in a cell connecting inside to outside |
| enzyme | organic catalyst; made in a cell |
| Golgi apparatus | system of vacuoles in a cell |
| interphase | first phase of cell division |
| lysosome | an organelle containing digestive enzymes |
| meiosis | special method of cell division, occuring during the development of sex cells (ova and sperm) in which the number of chromosomes is reduced |
| metaphase | phase of mitosis; chromosomes line up in pairs |
| microfilament | a slender rod-like structure in a cell |
| microtubule | a slender hollow structure in a cell |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of a cell; ATP storage |
| mitosis | form of nuclear division characterized by complex chromosome movements and exact chromosome duplication |
| nucleolus | an organelle in the nucleus that stores nucleic acid |
| nucleoplasm | living substance in the nucleus |
| organelle | tiny specific particle of living material present in most cells and serving a specific function in the cell |
| prophase | phase of mitosis; nuclear membrane dissolves |
| protoplasm | building material of all organisms |
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | single stranded nucleic acid chain |
| ribosome | cellular organelle that produces protein |
| telophase | final phase of mitosis |
| transcription | transfer of information from the chromosome to the ribosome |
| translation | process of directing the production of proteins using mRNA at the ribosome |
| nucleic acid | one of a class of molecules composed of joined nucleotide complexes; the principal types are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
| carbohydrate | organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is used as the major energy source of the body |
| protein | complex nitrogenous compound of high molecular weight |
Created by:
aucarlos
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