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CMA Chapter 5
Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Active Transport | Process that moves substances across a membrane and requires cellular energy. |
| Anatomic Position | Standard reference position for the body |
| Axon | Efferent process of a neuron |
| Chondrocyte | Cartilage Cell |
| Collagenous Fibers | Strong and Flexible connective tissue fibers that contain the protein collagen |
| Cutaneous Membrane | A type of Epithelial membrane; Skin |
| Cytokinesis | Division of the cell at the end of mitosis to form two separate daughter cells |
| Dendrites | Treelike processes of a neuron; efferent processes |
| Diffusion | Movement of a substance from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
| Elastic Fibers | Yellow connective tissue fibers that are not particularly strong, but can be stretched and will return to their normal shape when released. |
| Erythrocytes | Red Blood Cells |
| Fibroblast | Connective tissue cell that produces fibers. |
| Histology | Branch of microscopic anatomy that studies tissues. |
| Homeostasis | A normal stable condition in which the body's internal environment remains the same; constant internal environment |
| Human Anatomy | Study of the Human Body |
| Human Physiology | Study of the functions of humans and their separate parts |
| Leukocytes | White blood cells |
| Macrophage | Large Phagocytic connective tissue cell that functions in the immune system` |
| Mast Cell | A connective tissue cell that produces heparin and histamine |
| Meiosis | Type of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced to 1/2 the number found in a body cell |
| Meninges | Connective tissue membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord |
| Mitosis | Process by which the nuclear of the body cell divides to form two new cells, each identical to the parent cell. |
| Mucous Membrane | Epithelial membrane that lines body cavities that open directly to the exterior; secretes mucus |
| Negative Feedback | Mechanism of the response in which a stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the stimulus. |
| Neuroglia | Supporting cells of nervous tissue; Nerves glue. |
| Neuron | Conducting cell of nervous tissue |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selective permeable membrane |
| Osteocyte | Mature bone cell |
| Passive transport | Process that moves substances across a membrane and does not require cellular energy |
| Pericardium | Membrane that surrounds the heart |
| Peritoneum | Serous membrane associated with abdominopelvic cavity |
| Phagocytosis | Condition of cell eating; a form of endocytosis |
| Pinocytosis | Condition of cell drinking |
| Pleura | Serous membrane that surrounds the lungs |
| Serous membrane | Epithelial membrane that lines closed body cavities |
| Synovial Membrane | Membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints |
| Thrombocyte | Element of the blood that functions in the blood clotting; Platelet |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function |
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