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Muscles Chapter 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many muscles attach to the scapula? | 17 |
| Synergists | -do the same job |
| Antagonists | -do the opposite |
| How many total cranial nerves are there? | 12 |
| Flexion | Moving a joint through the sagittal plane away from AP (bending the head at the neck to look at the toes) |
| Extension | Moving a joint through the sagittal plane back to AP (straightening the head to look ahead) |
| Hyperextension | Moving a joint through the sagittal plane beyond AP (looking at the ceiling) |
| Abduction | Moving a joint through the frontal plane away from AP (moving the arms out to form a cross) |
| Adduction | Moving a joint through the frontal plane back to AP (moving the arms to the sides of the body) |
| Plantar flexion | Bending the foot so that the heel is off the ground (standing on “tippy-toes”) |
| Dorsiflexion | Bending the foot so that the toes are off the ground (standing on the heels) |
| Pronation | Turning the hand palm backward (to show off a new ring) |
| Supination | Turning the hand palm forward (to “carry soup”) |
| Inversion | Turning the foot so that the sole faces medially (standing on the sides of the feet) |
| Eversion | Turning the foot so that the sole faces laterally (standing on the insides of the feet) |
| Protraction | Moving a part forward (“chicken-neck” forward away from AP) |
| Retraction | Moving a part backward (“chicken-neck” back to AP) |
| Elevation | Raising a part (shrugging the shoulders) |
| Depression | Lowering a part (drooping the shoulders) |
| Rotation | Moving a part in a circular motion around an axis (C1 and C2 – saying “NO”) |
| Circumduction | Moving a part so that its end follows a circular motion (drawing a “O” in the air with your finger) |