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FIRST AID
Introduction to Health Occupations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| FIRST AID First aid is immediate care administered to a victim of an injury or illness to minimize (decrease) the effect of the injury or illness until | experts can take over. |
| First aid technique include: | 1. Remain calm because anxiety is contagious (catchy). |
| First aid technique include: | 2. Call for help by dialing 911 on the telephone or directing another to call 911. |
| Information necessary when telephoning for help includes: | a. Your exact location including the street name, number and nearby cross street. |
| Information necessary when telephoning for help includes: | b. The number of people involved. |
| Information necessary when telephoning for help includes: | c. The assistance required such as police, fire rescue, or animal control. |
| Information necessary when telephoning for help includes: | d. Describing the situation and any actions taken. |
| Information necessary when telephoning for help includes: | e. Your name and telephone #. |
| Do not hang up until: | help arrives. |
| First aid techniques include: | 3. Assessing (evaluating) the environment to determine if it is safe to approach the emergency by looking, listening and smelling. |
| You should look, listen, and smell for: | a. Smoke. |
| You should look, listen, and smell for: | b. Fire. |
| You should look, listen, and smell for: | c. Gasoline. |
| You should look, listen, and smell for: | d. Electric wires. |
| If the environment is dangerous, do not approach. Instead you should: | call for help and wait. |
| First aid techniques include: | 4. Determining if the victim is conscious by gently tapping on them or calling to them. |
| Conscious (consciousness) means: | awake, alert and aware. |
| First aid techniques include: | 5. Asking the conscious victim for their consent which means permission. |
| If the victim is under age 18, ask the child's parent(s): | for consent (permission). |
| If there is no one authorized to consent, permission is implied which means: | allowed. |
| First aid techniques include: | 6. Never moving a victim unless there is: |
| First aid techniques include: | a. A dangerous environment which means surroundings. |
| First aid techniques include: | b. The need for CPR which stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. |
| First aid techniques include: | 7. Moving a victim while keeping their head, neck and back immobilized. |
| Immobilized (immobilization) means: | no movement. |
| A supine victim that starts to vomit should be turned on their side without bending their vertebrae called: | logrolling. |
| Supine means: | lying on their back. |
| Vertebrae are aka: | the spinal column (back bones). |
| First aid techniques include: | 8. Assessing (evaluating) ABC which stands for airway, breathing and circulation. |
| The airway is assessed by: | listening to the breath sounds. |
| Breathing is assessed by: | watching the chest rise and fall. |
| Circulation is assessed by: | a. Palpating (feeling) body temperature. |
| Circulation is assessed by: | b. Palpating (feeling) their pulse in bpm which stands for beats per minute. |
| Circulation is assessed by | c. Observing (looking) at the color of the victim's lips and toes and fingers. |
| Airway and breathing are assessed by: | Listening to the breath sounds. |
| Airway and breathing are assessed by: | Observing (looking) at the chest rise and fall. |
| First aid techniques include: | 9. Asking the conscious (awake and aware) victim the following questions: |
| First aid techniques include: | a. Do you have any allergies? |
| First aid techniques include: | b. Do you ake any medications? |
| First aid techniques include: | c. Do you have any illnesses? |
| First aid techniques include: | d. How are you feeling now? |
| First aid techniques include: | 10. Determining if the victim is wearing a medial alert bracelet or medical alert necklace. |
| First aid techniques include: | 11. Giving the victim truthful reassurance such as "Help is on the way" and "I will stay with you". |
| First aid techniques include: | 12. Not administering (giving) the victim anything to eat or drink unless the emergency is caused by heat cramps or heat exhaustion or if a diabetic victim asks for sugar. |
| If the patient complains of polydipsia (excessive thirst) use a wet cloth to: | moisten the lips. |
| First aid techniques include: | 13. Keeping the victim warm without overheating. |
| The warmth of the victim can be assessed (evaluated) by; | palpation which means feeling. |
| First aid techniques include: | 14. Not verbalizing a diagnosis or discussing the victim's condition with observers at the scene. |
| BLEEDING EMERGENCIES: Any injury is called a: | wound. |
| A break in the skin is called an: | open wound (injury). |
| Damage to underlying tissue without a break in the skin is called a: | closed wound (injury) |
| Arterial bleeding usually: | spurts. |
| Arterial bleeding causes: | hemorrhagia which means rapid flow of blood. |
| Arterial bleeding is life threatening and must be: | controlled quickly. |
| Venous bleeding is: | slower and oozes. |
| Venous bleeding is more common and: | easier to control. |
| Before attempting hemostasis; | don examination (exam) gloves. |
| Hemostasis means: | stop or control bleeding. |
| METHODS TO CONTROL BLEEDING: | 1. Direct pressure. |
| METHODS TO CONTROL BLEEDING: | 2. Elevation. |
| METHODS TO CONTROL BLEEDING: | 3. Pressure bandage. |
| METHODS TO CONTROL BLEEDING: | 4. Pressure points. |
| DIRECT PRESSURE: Direct pressure means: | pushing against a bleeding wound. |
| Protective material to cover a wound (injury) is called a: | dressing. |
| Dressing material can include: | prepackaged sterile gauze sponges or clean towels. |
| If blood soaks through a dressing you should: | apply another dressing on top. |
| A dressing is: | protective material to cover a wound. |
| Do not remove applied dressings because you can disturb formed: | thrombi aka clots. |
| Direct pressure will: | stop or control most bleeding called hemostasis. |
| ELEVATION Elevation means: | raising a bleeding extremity (limb) above the level of the heart. |
| Elevation slows bleeding because of an: | invisible force called gravity. |
| Direct pressure and elevation should be used: | together. |
| Direct pressure means: | pushing against a bleeding wound. |
| To prevent additional injury, do not elevate a suspected extremity (limb) fracture which stands for: | fracture aka a broken bone. |
| PRESSURE BANDAGE: A bandage is material to secure (hold) a: | dressing in place. |
| A dressing is a protective material to cover: | a wound (injury) |
| A pressure bandage means placing an additional dressing on top of the existing dressing and securing (holding) with a long bandage strip (roll) wrapped around and around the dressing called a: | roller bandage. |
| A pressure bandage can be secured by tying the ends of the roller bandage or applying (placing): | tape. |
| Secured means: | held. |
| A bandage is material to secure (hold) a: | dressing in place. |
| Items that can be used to secure a pressure bandage include: | 1. A shirt with sleeves. |
| Items that can be used to secure a pressure bandage include: | 2. Socks. |
| Items that can be used to secure a pressure bandage include: | 3. A bra. |
| Items that can be used to secure a pressure bandage include: | 4. Shoe laces. |
| Items that can be used to secure a pressure bandage include: | 5. A belt |
| After application of a pressure bandage on an extremity (limb), you should assess the blood flow below the pressure bandage called: | distal circulation. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of impaired (decreased) circulation include: | 1. Pallor which means pale skin color. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of impaired (decreased) circulation include: | 2. Cyanosis which means blue skin color. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of impaired (decreased) circulation include: | 3. Pulse that is absent which means missing. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of impaired (decreased) circulation include: | 4. Pulse that is thready (feeble) which means weak. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of impaired (decreased) circulation include: | 5. Paresthesia which means numbness and /or tingling. |
| If you cannot palpate (feel) the distal pulses or if discoloration occurs: | slowly loosen the pressure bandage. |
| PRESSURE POINTS: Pressure point means (extremity) hemostasis by applying firm direct pressure on the arteries above the: | wound. |
| Hemostasis means: | stop or control bleeding. |
| Pressure points include: | 1. Arteries located at the antecubital spaces called brachial arteries. |
| Pressure points include: | 2. Arteries located at the medial aspect (part) of the superior (upper) thighs called femoral arteries. |
| Pressure points include: | 3. Arteries located posterior to (behind) the patellae called popliteal arteries. |
| Pressure points are used when direct pressure and elevation and pressure bandage were: | ineffective. |
| Direct pressure and elevation and pressure bandage should be continued while applying firm direct pressure to a: | pressure point. |
| A constricting hemostasis device placed around an extremity (limb) between a bleeding wound and the heart is called a: | tourniquet. |
| Use a tourniquet for hemostasis only as a last resort, if bleeding cannot be stopped and the situation is: | life threatening. |
| Items used as tourniquets include a: | 1. Sphygmomanometer (BP) cuff. |
| Items used as tourniquets include a: | 2. Roller bandage. |
| Items used as tourniquets include a: | 3. Rope. |
| A tourniquet is a: | constricting hemostatic device |
| SHOCK: Shock is a medical emergency resulting from any condition that causes deficient: | blood volume (amount) and/or blood flow. |
| Types of shock include: | 1. Shock caused by a deficient blood volume (amount) called hypovolemic shock. |
| Types of shock include: | 2. Hypovolemic shock can be caused by a rapid flow (loss of) blood called hemorrhage. |
| Hypovolemic shock can be caused by dehydration from: | a. Chronic (persistent) N+V which stands for nausea and vomiting. |
| Hypovolemic shock can be caused by dehydration from: | b. Ten (10) or more loose watery stools in 24 hours called severe diarrhea. |
| Hypovolemic shock can be caused by dehydration from: | c. Diaphoresis which means profuse (excessive) sweating. |
| Hypovolemic shock can be caused by dehydration from: | d. Third degree burns aka full thickness burns. |
| Types of shock include: | 2. Shock caused by damage to the central nervous system (CNS) causing vasodilation and extreme hypotension (low blood pressure) called neurogenic shock. |
| The CNS consists of (contains) | the brain and spinal cord. |
| Neurogenic shock can be caused by: | a. TBI which stands for traumatic brain injury. |
| Neurogenic shock can be caused by: | b. SCI which stands for spinal cord injury. |
| Types of shock include: | 3. Shock caused by a life threatening allergic response called anaphylactic shock. |
| Types of shock include: | 4. Shock caused by extensive (excessive) myocardial damage called cardiogenic shock. |
| The myocardium is the: | muscle layer of the heart. |
| Types of shock include: | 5. Shock caused by sepsis resulting in extreme hypotension (low blood pressure) called septic shock. |
| Sepsis means: | life threatening infection. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 1. General weakness an disorientation which means confusion. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 2. Pallor which means paleness. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 3. Anxiety which means nervousness. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 4. Tactile coolness which means cool to the touch. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 5. Blue skin called cyanosis. |
| Cyanosis is commonly seen first in the: | fingers and/or toes and/or lips. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 6. Polydipsia which means excessive thirst. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 7. Diaphoresis which means profuse (excessive) sweatiness. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 8. Tachycardia which means fast (rapid) pulse (heart) |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 9. A weak pulse called thready or feeble. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 10. Tachypnea (hyperpnea) which means fast (rapid) breathing. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 11. Hypotension abbreviated LBP which stands for low blood pressure. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 12. N+V which stands for nausea and vomiting. |
| Signs and symptoms of shock include: | 13. LOC which stands for loss of consciousness. |
| Treatment for shock includes. | 1. Assessing (evaluating) ABC which stands for: airway breathing circulation and calling 911. |
| Treatment for shock includes. | 2. Placing the victim in a supine (lying on the back) position if there is no indication (sign) of a neck or spinal trauma (injury). |
| Treatment for shock includes. | 3. Raising the victim's legs twelves (12) inches to provide additional blood from the legs to the heart and brain |
| Do not raise the victim's legs with a: | head injury. |
| Treatment for shock includes. | 4. Placing the victim in a sitting position if they have a head injury or dyspnea which means difficulty breathing. |
| Treatment for shock includes. | 5. Keeping the victim warm without overheating. |
| Shock is a medical emergency resulting from any condition that causes : | deficient blood volume (amount) and/or blood flow. |
| DRUG AND MEDICATION FIRST AID: | Any nonfood chemical substance that affects (changes) the mid or body is called a drug. |
| A drug administered (given)for its therapeutic (beneficial) effect is called a: | medicine or medication. |
| A drug or medication (medicine) dose (amount) large enough to cause harm to the body is abbreviated OD which stands for: | overdose. |
| An overdose (OD) can occur (happen) suddenly when a large amount of drug or medication (medicine) is taken: | one (1) at a time. |
| An overdose (OD) can occur (happen) gradually as a drug or medication (medicine) builds up in the body: | over time. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a drug or medication overdose (OD) include: | 1. Dyspnea which means difficult ventilation (breathing). |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a drug or medication overdose (OD) include: | 2. Staggering which means unsteady gait (walking). |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a drug or medication overdose (OD) include: | 3. Mental sluggishness (listlessness) called lethargy (lethargic). |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a drug or medication overdose (OD) include: | 4. Grand mal seizures aka convulsions. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a drug or medication overdose (OD) includes: | 1. Assessing (evaluating) ABC which stands for airway, breathing, circulation and calling 911. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a drug or medication overdose (OD) includes: | 2. Place the victim on their side and provide treatment (Tx) for signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of shock. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a drug or medication overdose (OD) includes: | 3. Determine (discover) the name(s) of the drug(s) or medication(s) taken, how much was taken and when. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a drug or medication overdose (OD) includes: | 4. Give all drug or medication container(s) to emergency personnel. |
| Mental Health + Substance Abuse services are available at: | www.hernandocares.org |
| POISON: Poison (toxin) is a substance capable of causing: | illness or death. |
| Poisoning can happen to any individual, regardless of: | age. |
| Poisoning can be caused by: | 1. Swallowing a toxin (poison). |
| Poisoning can be caused by: | 2. Inhaling a toxin (poison). |
| Poisoning can be caused by: | 3. Injection of a toxin (poison). |
| Poisoning can be caused by: | 4. Skin contact with a toxin (poison). |
| Treatment (Tx) for poisoning includes: | 1. Assessing (evaluating) ABC which stands for airway, breathing, circulation and calling 911. |
| Treatment (Tx) for poisoning includes: | 2. Determining (discovering) the name of the toxin (poison). |
| Treatment (Tx) for poisoning includes: | 3. Contacting Poison Control. |
| If Poison Control directs (tells) you to induce (cause) vomiting, give the conscious (consciousness) awake, alert, aware victim: | Syrup of ipecac. |
| Other techniques to induce (cause) vomiting include: | 1. Drinking warm saline aka salt water. |
| Other techniques to induce (cause) vomiting include: | 2. Tickling the back of the victim's throat. |
| Vomiting MUST NOT be induced (caused) for: | 1. Victims who are unconscious which means asleep or unaware. |
| Vomiting MUST NOT be induced (caused) for: | 2. Victims who have swallowed an acid or alkali. |
| Vomiting MUST NOT be induced (caused) for: | 3. Victims who have burns on the lips or mouth. |
| Vomiting MUST NOT be induced (caused) for: | 4. Victims who have swallowed petroleum products such as gasoline or diesel. |
| Vomiting MUST NOT be induced (caused) for: | 5. Victims who are convulsing (convulsions) refers to a Sz which stands for seizure. |
| If poison occurs (happens) from inhalation (inspiration or breathing in) of dangerous gases, the victim must be immediately: | removed from the area. |
| If poisoning occurs (happens) from contact with the victim's skin: | 1. Remove the victim's clothing and/or jewelry containing the poison. |
| If poisoning occurs (happens) from contact with the victim's skin: | 2. Irrigate (flush) the skin with large amounts of clean water. |
| POISONING BY INJECTION: If poisoning occurs from an injection by an insect bite or sting or snakebite, and an arm or leg is affected, position the arm or leg: | below the level of the heart. |
| An embedded (driven) bee stinger should be removed immediately and the area should be: | washed with soap and water. |
| Depending on the amount of venom injected, the brown recluse spider bite can cause tissue necrosis which means: | death of the tissue. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a brown recluse spider bite includes: | 1. Washing the injection area with soap and water. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a brown recluse spider bite includes: | 2. Covering the injection area with a sterile dressing. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a brown recluse spider bite includes: | 3. Seeking medical attention immediately and if possible bring a picture of the spider. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a black widow spider bite include: | 1. Anxiety which means nervousness. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a black widow spider bite include: | 2. Cephalgia which means head pain. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a black widow spider bite include: | 3. Diaphoresis which means profuse (excessive) sweatiness. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a black widow spider bite include: | 4. N + V which stands for nausea and vomiting. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a black widow spider bite include: | 5. Painful spasms which are involuntary no control) muscle contractions. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a black widow spider bite include: | 6. Hypertension (HTN) abbreviated HBP which stands for high blood pressure. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a black widow spider bite include: | 7. Dyspnea which means difficulty breathing. |
| Life threatening reactions to the black widow spider venom are generally seen only in: | small children and the elderly. |
| Medical attention is required if the victim of a black widow spider bite has more than: | minor pain. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a snakebite includes: | 1. Positioning the extremity lower than the heart. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a snakebite includes: | 2. Washing the injection area with soap and water. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a snakebite includes: | 3. Covering the injection area with a sterile dressing. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a snakebite includes: | 4. Seeking medical attention immediately and if possible bring a picture of the snake. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a snakebite DOES NOT include: | 1. Cutting a snakebite wound. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a snakebite DOES NOT include: | 2. Sucking out the venom. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a snakebite DOES NOT include: | 3. Applying ice to the snakebite wound. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a snakebite DOES NOT include: | 4. Applying a tourniquet. |
| An exaggerated allergic reaction is called: | anaphylaxis. |
| Life threatening anaphylaxis is called: | anaphylactic shock. |
| Anaphylactic shock requires: | immediate medical attention. |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include: | 1. Generalized (affecting much or all) pain and pruritus which means itching. |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include: | 2. Patchy erythematous (red) and edematous (swollen) skin rash called urticaria aka hives. |
| Urticaria (hives) are usually raised called: | welts or wheals. |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: | |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: | 2. Dysphonia which means difficulty making vocal sounds. |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: | 3. Dysphagia which means difficulty swallowing. |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: | 4. Dyspnea which means difficulty breathing. |
| Anaphylactic shock means: | life threatening anaphylaxis (exaggerated allergic reaction). |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: | 5. Rhonchi which means wheezing. |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: | 6. Tachycardia which means fast (rapid) pulse (heart). |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: | 7. Vertigo which means dizziness. |
| Signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock include: | 8. LOC which stands for loss of consciousness. |
| Treatment (Tx) for anaphylactic shock includes subcutaneous (Sub Q) or intramuscular (IM) injections of: | adrenaline aka epinephrine (EpiPen) |
| BURNS: A burn is a: | thermal wound (injury) caused by heat. |
| Burns (thermal wounds) can be caused by: | 1. Combustion aka fire. |
| Burns (thermal wounds) can be caused by: | 2. Caustic compounds which means chemicals that burn. |
| Burns (thermal wounds) can be caused by: | 3. High energy waves or rays called radiation such as ultraviolet (UV) or microwaves or X-rays. |
| Burns (thermal wounds) can be caused by: | 4. Electrical current (flow) called electricity. |
| TYPES OF BURNS: Types of burns (thermal wounds) include: | 1. A first degree burn aka a superficial burn. |
| A first -degree (superficial) burn causes damage to: | the epidermis which is the 1st (outer) layer of skin. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a first degree (superficial) burn include: | a. A hurting discomfort called pain. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a first degree (superficial) burn include: | b. Erythema which means red skin. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a first degree (superficial) burn include: | c. Edema which means swelling. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a first-degree (superficial) burn includes: | a. Irrigating (flushing) the burn with large amounts of clean cool water. |
| Burns should not be cooled with: | ice. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a first-degree (superficial) burn includes: | b. Raising a burned limb above the level of the heart called elevation. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a first-degree (superficial) burn includes: | c. Application (placement) of a topical anesthetic which means no feeling or nervous sensation. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a first-degree (superficial) burn includes: | d. Application (placement) of a dry sterile dressing. |
| Professional medical treatment (Tx) for a first-degree (superficial) burn is: | usually not needed. |
| Types of burns include: | 2. Second-degree burns aka partial thickness burns. |
| A second-degree (partial thickness) burn causes: | damage to the epidermis and dermis which are the 1st and 2nd skin layers. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a second-degree (partial thickness) burn include: | a. A hurting discomfort called pain. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a second-degree (partial thickness) burn include: | b. Erythema which means red skin. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a second-degree (partial thickness) burn include: | c. Edema which means swelling. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a second-degree (partial thickness) burn include: | d. Vesicle(s) which are blister(s). |
| Treatment (Tx) for a second-degree (partial thickness) burn is the same as a: | first-degree (superficial) burn. |
| Breaking the vesicles (blisters) is inadvisable (unwise) due to: | increased chance of infection. |
| Types of burns include: | 3. Third-degree burns aka full thickness burns. |
| A third-degree (full thickness) burn: | causes damage to the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis which are the 1st, 2nd + 3rd skin layers. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a third-degree (full thickness) burn includes: | a. Pareshesis which means numbness and tingling. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a third-degree (full thickness) burn includes: | b. Edema which means swelling. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a third-degree (full thickness) burn includes skin colors that appear: | white and/or yellow and/or brown and/or purple and/or black. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a third-degree (full thickness) burn includes: | a. Removing the heat source. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a third-degree (full thickness) burn includes: | b. Cooling the burn with large amounts of clean cool water. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a third-degree (full thickness) burn includes: | c. Application (placement) of a dry sterile dressing or clean towel. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a third-degree (full thickness) burn includes: | d. Observing for and treating shock. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a third-degree (full thickness) burn includes: | e. Preventing infection. |
| A third-degree (full thickness) burn requires: | immediate medical attention. |
| If the feet are burned: | do not allow the victim to walk. |
| Do NOT attempt to remove clothing that is: | attached to the burn. |
| Do NOT apply any of the following to a burn: | a. Cotton |
| Do NOT apply any of the following to a burn: | b. Tissues. |
| Do NOT apply any of the following to a burn: | c. Powders. |
| Do NOT apply any of the following to a burn: | d. Oils. |
| Do NOT apply any of the following to a burn: | e. Grease. |
| Do NOT apply any of the following to a burn: | f. Butter. |
| HEAT CRAMPS: Heat cramps refer to myalgia (muscle pain) and spasms (involuntary muscle contractions) resulting from an excessive loss of body water and electrolytes (salts) through: | perspiration aka sweat (sweating). |
| Treatment (Tx) for heat cramps include: | 1. Applying firm pressure to the cramped muscles. |
| Treatment (Tx) for heat cramps include: | 2. Resting in a cool place. |
| Treatment (Tx) for heat cramps include: | 3. Drinking sips of cool water or sports drink. |
| To reduce the incidence (occurrence) of N+V (nausea and vomiting), fluid intake should not exceed: | four (4) ounces (oz.) every fifteen (15) minutes |
| HEAT EXHAUSTION: Heat exhaustion is caused by excessive loss of body water and electrolytes (salts) through: | perspiration aka sweat (sweating). |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of heat exhaustion include: | 1. Pallor or paleness. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of heat exhaustion include: | 2. Profuse (excessive) sweatiness called diaphoresis. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of heat exhaustion include: | 3. A loss of energy called fatigue. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of heat exhaustion include: | 4. Cephalgia which means head pain. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of heat exhaustion include: | 5. Involuntary muscle contractions called muscle spasm aka muscle cramps. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of heat exhaustion include: | 6. N+V which stands fro nausea and vomiting. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of heat exhaustion include: | 7. Vertigo which means dizziness. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of heat exhaustion include: | 8. Syncope (syncopal episode) which means fainting. |
| Treatment (Tx) for heat exhaustion includes: | 1. Resting in a cool place. |
| Treatment (Tx) for heat exhaustion includes: | 2. Applying (placing) cool wet cloths to the body. |
| Treatment (Tx) for heat exhaustion includes: | 3. Raising the victim's legs twelve (12) inches. |
| Treatment (Tx) for heat exhaustion includes: | 4. Drinking sips of cool water or sport's drink if the victim is conscious (awake, alert and aware). |
| Medical attention for heat exhaustion is required if the victim exhibits (shows) signs (Sx) and/or symptoms (SX) of: | shock. |
| Shock is a medical emergency resulting from any condition that causes deficient: | blood volume and/or blood flow. |
| HEAT STROKE: Heat stroke is a medical emergency caused by a body temperature: | greater than (>) 105.0 F. |
| Signs and symptoms of heat stroke include: | 1. Erythematous skin which means red. |
| Signs and symptoms of heat stroke include: | 2. The skin feels hot and dry. |
| Signs and symptoms of heat stroke include: | 3. Tachycardia which means fast (rapid) pulse (heart) |
| Signs and symptoms of heat stroke include: | 4. LOC which stands for loss of consciousness. |
| Treatment (Tx) for heat stroke includes: | 1. Application (placement) of cool wet cloth to body. |
| Treatment (Tx) for heat stroke includes: | 2. Seeking medical attention immediately. |
| WOUND CARE: Wound means: | injury. |
| A break in the skin is called an: | open wound. |
| Treatment (Tx) for an open wound includes: | 1. Washing your hands properly. |
| Treatment (Tx) for an open wound includes: | 2. Donning (putting on) examination (exam) gloves. |
| Treatment (Tx) for an open wound includes: | 3. Hemostasis which means stop or control bleeding. |
| Treatment (Tx) for an open wound includes: | 4. Cleaning the area immediately adjacent (next) to the open wound with soap and water or an antiseptic. |
| Treatment (Tx) for an open wound includes: | 5. Application (placement) of an antibiotic ointment to the open wound. |
| Treatment (Tx) for an open wound includes: | 6. Covering the open wound with a sterile dressing. |
| Treatment (Tx) for an open wound includes: | 7. Securing (holding) the dressing with a long bandage strip (roll) wrapped around and around the dressing called a roller bandage. |
| BONE AND JOINT INJURIES: Tissue that binds bone to bone is called: | ligament(s). |
| Wound (injury) to a ligament(s) is called: | sprain. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a sprain includes RICE which stands for: | rest, ice, compression and elevation. |
| Displacement of a bone from its joint is called a: | dislocation. |
| A broken bone is abbreviated FX which stands for: | fracture. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a fracture (FX) or dislocation include: | 1. A hurting discomfort called pain. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a fracture (FX) or dislocation include: | 2. Loss, limited, or abnormal movement (motion). |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a fracture (FX) or dislocation include: | 3. Edema which means swelling. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a fracture (FX) or dislocation include: | 4. A misshapen limb called a deformity. |
| Signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of a fracture (FX) or dislocation include: | 5. A change in skin color called discoloration. |
| Protrusion (projection) of a bone through the skin is called a: | compound fracture (FX) or open fracture (FX). |
| Treatment (Tx) for a fracture (FX) or dislocation includes: | 1. Observing for and treating shock. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a fracture (FX) or dislocation includes: | 2. Immobilizing (preventing movement) the affected limb with a sling or splint. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a fracture (FX) or dislocation includes: | 3. Seeking medical attention immediately. |
| The only way to R/O (rule out) a fracture (FX) or dislocation is to perform an: | X-ray. |
| FOREIGN BODY IN AN EYE: Treatment (Tx) for a foreign body (FB) in an eye includes: | 1. Preventing the victim from rubbing the eye. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a foreign body (FB) in an eye includes: | 2. Washing your hands properly and pulling the victim's upper eye lid over the lower eye lid. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a foreign body (FB) in an eye includes: | 3. Irrigating (flushing) the ye with clean water. |
| If a foreign body (FB) is embedded (driven) in an eye: | seek medical attention immediately. |
| If a foreign body (FB) is protruding (projecting) from the eye: | 1. Make no attempt to remove the foreign body (FB). |
| If a foreign body (FB) is protruding (projecting) from the eye: | 2. Support the foreign body (FB) by loosely applying dressings. |
| If a foreign body (FB) is protruding (projecting) from the eye: | 3. Seek medical attention immediately. |
| Apply (place) dressings to both eyes to prevent eye movements that are : | uncontrollable called involuntary. |
| EPISTAXIS: Epistaxis means: | nosebleed. |
| Treatment (Tx) for epistaxis (nosebleed) includes: | 1. Keeping the victim quiet and calm. |
| Treatment (Tx) for epistaxis (nosebleed) includes: | 2. Placing the victim in a sitting position with the head leaning slightly forward. |
| Treatment (Tx) for epistaxis (nosebleed) includes: | 3. Applying (placing) pressure by gently squeezing the nostrils together. |
| Treatment (Tx) for epistaxis (nosebleed) includes: | 4. Applying (placing) a cold compress (pad) to the bridge of the nose. |
| If the epistaxis (nosebleed) continues, insert a small piece of gauze in the nostril and gently squeeze the: | nostrils together. Do not insert cotton. |
| If the epistaxis (nosebleed) does not stop or a FX is suspected, seek: | medical attention. |
| SEIZURES: A seizure characterized (described) by body stiffening and violent jerking, tongue biting, LOC, dyspnea and incontinence is called a: | grand mal seizure or convulsion. |
| LOC stands for: | loss of consciousness. |
| Dyspnea means: | difficulty breathing. |
| Incontinence means: | loss of bladder control and/or loss of bowel control. |
| A seizure characterized(described) by brief episodes of a change in the level of consciousness (LOC) is called a: | petit mal seizure or absence seizure. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a grand mal seizure (convulsion) includes: | 1. Assisting the victim to a lying on their back position called supine. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a grand mal seizure (convulsion) includes: | 2. Not holding the victim down. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a grand mal seizure (convulsion) includes: | 3. Assessing (evaluating) ABC which stands for airway, breathing and circulation and calling 911. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a grand mal seizure (convulsion) includes: | 4. Not inserting anything in the victim's mouth. |
| Treatment (Tx) for a grand mal seizure (convulsion) includes: | 5. Clearing obstacles such as tables, chairs, etc. to prevent injury (wounds) during the seizure. |
| PYREXIA: Pyrexia (fever aka febrile) control should begin at: | 101 .0 degree F. |
| Treatment (Tx) for pyrexia (fever) includes: | 1. Disrobing the victim which means remove clothing. |
| Treatment (Tx) for pyrexia (fever) includes: | 2. Pushing (encouraging) the intake of clear cool liquids such as chilled water, chilled sport drinks, popsicles or Jello. |
| Treatment (Tx) for pyrexia (fever) includes: | 3. Administering (giving) antipyretic medications such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) or Motrin (ibuprofen). |
| Tylenol can be administered (given): | rectally with the use of a supp (suppository). |
| Tylenol is aka: | acetaminophen. |
| Do NOT administer (give) ASA to: | children due to the risk of an encephalopathy called Reye's syndrome. |
| ASA stands for: | acetylsalicylic acid. |
| Encephalopathy means: | disease condition of the brain. |
| Treatment (Tx) for pyrexia (fever) includes: | 4. Tepid sponge bathing which means a sponge bath or submersion of the febrile (pyrexic) victim in water that is slightly cooler than the victim. |
| When the water temperature becomes equivalent (equal) to the victim's body temperature, use: | slightly cooler water. |
| Treatment (Tx) for pyrexia (fever) includes: | 5. Repeating tepid sponge bathing until the fever is reduced (breaks). |
| Treatment (Tx) for pyrexia (fever) includes: | 6. Repeating the pyrexia treatment (Tx) if the pyrexia returns. |
| Isopropyl alcohol sponge baths are contraindicated (inadvisable/unwise) because: | the alcohol will cool the skin but does not reduce the core temperature. |
| Isopropyl alcohol is aka: | rubbing alcohol. |
Created by:
bterrelonge
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