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INFECTION CONTROL
Introduction to Health Occupations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| INFECTION CONTROL: Forms of life so small that they are invisible to the naked eye are called: | microorganisms aka microbes. |
| Types of microorganisms (microbes) include: | 1. Bacteria. |
| Types of microorganisms (microbes) include: | 2. Viruses |
| Types of microorganisms (microbes) include: | 3. Fungi |
| Microorganisms (microbes) are: | forms of life so small that they are invisible to the naked eye. |
| Disease creating microorganisms (microbes) are called: | pathogens. |
| Infection occurs (happens) when a pathogen (disease creating microbe) proliferates which means: | rapidly reproduces. |
| Each year in the US, an average 700,000 HAIs occur which stand for: | healthcare acquired infections. |
| Environmental factors that accelerate (speed up) proliferation (rapid reproduction) of pathogens (disease creating microbes include: | 1. Warmth. |
| Environmental factors that accelerate (speed up) proliferation (rapid reproduction) of pathogens (disease creating microbes include: | 2. Darkness. |
| Environmental factors that accelerate (speed up) proliferation (rapid reproduction) of pathogens (disease creating microbes include: | 3. Moisture. |
| Environmental factors that accelerate (speed up) proliferation (rapid reproduction) of pathogens (disease creating microbes include: | 4. Nourishment also known as food. |
| Environmental factors that accelerate (speed up) proliferation (rapid reproduction) of pathogens (disease creating microbes include: | 5. O2 which stands for oxygen. |
| Environmental factors that accelerate (speed up) proliferation (rapid reproduction) of pathogens (disease creating microbes include: | 6. Optimal (best) pH which is 7.35-7.45 |
| Pathogens (disease creating microbes) have the ability to: | 1. Produce toxins which are poisons. |
| Pathogens (disease creating microbes) have the ability to: | 2. Cause a damaging immune response called an allergic reaction. |
| Pathogens (disease creating microbes) have the ability to: | 3. Destroy basic units of life called cells. |
| Objects (things) that contain (carry) pathogens are called: | contaminated or dirty. |
| Objects (things) that do not contain (carry) pathogens are called: | clean. |
| The process of carefully cleaning to prevent contamination is called: | sanitization (sanitize) |
| Contamination means an object (thing) contains (carries) pathogens which are: | disease creating microorganisms (microbes). |
| Inhibiting the proliferation of pathogens is called: | antisepsis (antiseptic). |
| killing pathogens is called: | disinfection. |
| The most popular chlorine released agent (CRA) disinfectant is called: | sodium hypochlorite. |
| Disinfection means: | killing pathogens which are disease creating microorganisms (microbes). |
| Sodium hypochlorite mixed with water (H2O) is called; | liquid bleach. |
| Sodium hypochlorite mixed with water (H2O) is the most popular CRA which stands for: | chlorine released agent. |
| A very effective disinfectant ratio is: (test question) | 1 part liquid bleach to 4 parts water (H2O) |
| Ratio means: | amount. |
| Killing all microorganisms (microbes) is called: | sterilization (sterilize). |
| Sterilization of surgical instruments occurs (happens) with the use of a pressurized steam device called an: | autoclave. |
| Contaminated (dirty) inanimate objects (things) are called: | fomites. |
| Contaminated (dirty) means: | an object contains pathogens (disease creating microbes). |
| Inanimate means: | lifeless. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 1. Doorknobs. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 2. Telephones. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 3. Remote controls. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 4. Faucets. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 5. Keyboards. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 6. Light switches. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 7. Pens and pencils. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 8. Money. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 9. Fuel pumps. |
| Fomites are contaminated inanimate (lifeless) objects (things) that include: | 10. Shopping Carts. |
| Many microorganisms are destroyed by exposure to UV radiation which stands for: | ultraviolet (UV) light |
| CHAIN OF INFECTION: Infection occurs (happens) when a: | pathogen proliferates (rapidly reproduces). |
| The chain of infection refers to six (6) links necessary for an infection to develop and spread called: | disease transmission. |
| Breaking any link in the chain of infection stops the development and: | transmission of infection. |
| Transmission means: | spread. |
| LINKS IN THE CHAIN OF INFECTION: Links in the chain of infection include: | 1. A disease creating microorganism (microbe) called a pathogen. |
| Links in the chain of infection include: | 2. An animal, insect or human capable of sustaining (supporting) proliferation (rapid reproductions of a pathogen (disease creating microbe) called a reservoir host. |
| A reservoir host unaware they have a pathogen and can transmit the pathogen is called a: | carrier. |
| Links in the chain of infection include: | 3. The means by which a pathogen leaves the body called the portal of exit. |
| Portal means: | opening. |
| Respiratory exit portals include the: | nose and oral cavity aka the mouth. |
| Pathogens can exit the respiratory system during: | exhalation aka expiration or breathing out. |
| Pathogens can exit the respiratory system during: | tussis aka coughing (cough). |
| Pathogens can exit the respiratory system during involuntary expulsion of air through the nose and oral cavity called: | sneezing. |
| GI exit (out) portals (openings) include the: | oral cavity (mouth) and anus. |
| GI stands for: | gastrointestinal which means stomach and intestines. |
| Pathogens can exit GI portals during regurgitation of stomach contents called: | vomiting or emesis. |
| Regurgitation is aka: | reflux (backflow) |
| Pathogens can exit GI portals during discharge of feces (stool) called: | defecation or BM which stands for bowel movement. |
| Discharge means: | release. |
| GU exit portals include the: | vagina and urethra. |
| The urethra is the tube that transports urine from the urinary bladder to: | the outside world. |
| Pathogens can exit GU portals during discharge of fluidic waste called: | urination or micturition or voiding. |
| Pathogens can exit GU portals in blood and endometrial (uterine) tissue discharged during: | menstruation or menses. |
| Pathogens can exit GU portals in reproductive liquids called: | semen and vaginal secretions. |
| Integumentary exit portals include a break in the skin called an: | open wound (injury). |
| Portals are: | openings. |
| Links in the chain of infection include: | 4. The means (way) by which a pathogen is transferred (spread) from one person to another called the mode of transmission. |
| Modes of transmission include: | a. Exhalation aka breathing out (expiration) |
| Modes of transmission include: | b. Tussis aka coughing (cough) |
| Transmission means: | spread. |
| Modes of transmission include: | c. Involuntary (no control) expulsion of air through the nose and oral cavity (mouth) called sneezing. |
| Modes of transmission include: | d. The most common mode of transmission which is contact aka touching. |
| The most contaminated (dirty) parts of your body are your: | hands. |
| Links in the chain of infection include: | 5. The means (way) by which a pathogen (disease creating microbe) enters (goes in) the body called the portal of entry. |
| Respiratory entry portals include the: | nose and oral cavity aka the mouth. |
| Pathogens (disease creating microbes) can enter the respiratory system during: | inhalation aka inspiration aka breathing in. |
| GI entery portals include the: | oral cavity (mouth) and anus. |
| GI stands fo: | gastrointestinal which means stomach and intestines. |
| Pathogens can enter GI portals during ingestion which means: | eating and/or drinking. |
| Food and/or water that contains pathogens is called: | dirty or contaminated. |
| Genitourinary entry portals include the: | vagina and urethra. |
| The urethra is the tube (duct) that: | transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside world. |
| Pathogens can enter GU entry portals during intimate activities such as: | sexual intercourse aka coitus or copulation. |
| Integumentary entry (in) portals (openings) include a break in the skin or mucous membranes called an: | open wound (injury) |
| Mucous membranes (linings) are located in the: | a. eyelids. |
| Mucous membranes (linings) are located in the: | b. Nose. |
| Mucous membranes (linings) are located in the: | c. Mouth. |
| Mucous membranes (linings) are located in the: | d. Urethra. |
| Mucous membranes (linings) are located in the: | e. Vagina. |
| Mucous membranes (linings) are located in the: | f. Anus |
| Links in the chain of infection include: | 6. One without immunity against a pathogen called a susceptible host. |
| Susceptibility of a host to allow proliferation (rapid reproduction) of a pathogen will depend on the strength of their: | immune system |
| Susceptibility means: | likelihood. |
| Immune system strength is directly related to: | a. Types of food you ingest (eat) called nutrition. |
| Immune system strength is directly related to: | b. How often you are physically active called exercise frequency. |
| Immune system strength is directly related to: | c. Use of tobacco and ETOH which stands for ethanol (alcohol). |
| Immune system strength is directly related to: | d. Unconscious resting patterns called sleep habits. |
| ASEPSIS: Asepsis means: | No infection. |
| Aseptic technique means: | practices and procedures to prevent infection. |
| The most effective (successful) aseptic technique is: | proper hand washing. |
| Proper hand washing is required when the hands become: | visibly contaminated (dirty) and before and after physical contact with a client. |
| PROPER HAND WASHING: Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 1. Assessing (evaluating) if the towel dispenser is self-dispensing (automatic) or manual (not self-dispensing). |
| If the towel dispenser is manual you must: | dispense the towel first (1st). |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 2. Wetting your hands thoroughly with warm water because warm water creates a better lather and is gentler to the skin. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 3. Applying enough soap to cover all hand surfaces. |
| The type of soap recommended in a healthcare setting is: | antimicrobial. |
| Antimicrobial means: | against forms of life so small that they are invisible to the naked eye. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 4. Vigorously washing palm to palm. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 5. Vigorously (forcefully) washing the (R) palm over the dorsum (back) of the (L) hand with the fingers interlaced (crossed) and vice versa (opposite hand). |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 6. Vigorously washing palm to palm with the fingers interlaced. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 7. Vigorously washing the backs of the right fingers to the left palm with the fingers interlocked (hooked) and vice versa (opposite hand). |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 8. Vigorously washing the right (R) thumb clasped in the left palm and vice versa (opposite thumb). |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 9. Vigorously washing the finger tips and nails of (R) hand in the left (L) palm and vice versa (opposite hand). |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 10. Cleaning the underside of your nails with a brush or orange stick/cuticle stick. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 11. Vigorously washing for a minimum of 20 seconds. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 12. Rinsing your hands thoroughly with the finger tips pointed downward. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 13. Reducing the risk of creating flying droplets by not shaking your hands or flicking your hands. |
| Shaking or flicking your hands can cause droplets to be thrown into the mucous membranes located in your: | eyes and/or nose and/or mouth. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 14. Drying your hands thoroughly. |
| Drying your hands thoroughly (completely) is important because wet or moist hands transfer more pathogens than: | dry hands. |
| Drying your hands thoroughly is important because wet or moist hands create a better means by which pathogens are transferred (spread) from one person to another called the: | mode of transmission. |
| Drying your hands thoroughly helps prevent skin fissures called: | chapping. |
| Fissures are: | cracks. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 15. Turning the water off with a paper towel. |
| Proper hand washing technique (method) includes: | 16. Not disposing (discarding) the paper towel until you determine if the paper towel is needed to open the door. |
| If time constraints or location prohibit (not allow) proper hand washing you may use an: | alcohol based hand sanitizer. |
| Constraints are: | restrictions. |
| APPLICATION OF A HAND SANITIZER: Proper application (use) of a hand sanitizer includes: | 1. Applying a palm full of hand sanitizer in a cupped hand. |
| Proper application (use) of a hand sanitizer includes: | 2. Vigorously (forcefully) rubbing the hand sanitizer palm to palm. |
| Application means: | use. |
| Proper application (use) of a hand sanitizer includes: | 3. Vigorously rubbing the R palm over the dorsum (back) of L hand with interlaced (crossed) fingers and vice versa. |
| Proper application (use) of a hand sanitizer includes: | 4. Vigorously rubbing palm to palm with interlaced fingers. |
| Proper application (use) of a hand sanitizer includes: | 5. Vigorously rubbing the backs of the R fingers to the L palm with interlocked (hooked) fingers and vice versa. |
| Proper application (use) of a hand sanitizer includes: | 6. Vigorously rubbing the R thumb clasped in the L palm and vice versa. |
| Proper application (use) of a hand sanitizer includes: | 7. Vigorously rubbing the finger tips and nails of R hand in the L palm and vice versa. |
| Hand sanitizer should be rubbed vigorously for a minimum of: | twenty (20) seconds. |
| Once dry your hands are sanitized aka; | clean. |
| ASEPTIC TECHNIQUE: Aseptic technique means practices and procedures to: | prevent infection. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 1. Applications of hand lotion after proper hand washing to prevent skin fissures (cracks) called chapping. |
| A personal bottle of fragrance free hand lotion is recommended to reduce the risk of: | allergic reactions. |
| A personal bottle of water based hand lotion is recommended because oil based hand lotion can cause latex to: | degrade (deteriorate) |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 2. Wearing your hair pinned up. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 3. Fingernail length no longer than 1/4 inch and no artificial nails and only clear nail polish. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 4. Not wearing rings. |
| Special rings should be worn on a: | chain or pinned to your clothing. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 5. Not wearing jewelry. |
| Aseptic technique means: | Practices and procedures to prevent infection. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 6. Not touching your face or mouth. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 7. Not leaning against sinks, supplies or equipment. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 8. Use of your own pen or pencil. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 9. Covering a cough or sneeze with tissues or use the vampire (sleeve) maneuver. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 10. Disposing of (discarding) tissues immediately after use and then immediately washing your hands properly. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 11. Posting a sign asking clients to use provided tissues for coughs and sneezes. |
| Aseptic technique includes: | 12. Holding all linen away from the body. |
| Aseptic techniques include: | 13. Considering clean linen that is dropped contaminated (dirty). |
| Aseptic techniques include: | 14. Unfolding clean linen instead of shaking it open. |
| Aseptic techniques include: | 15. Avoiding direct contact with clients and staff when you have signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of influenza (flu) or coryza aka the common cold. |
| Aseptic techniques include | 16. Protecting yourself and clients from airborne pathogens such as influenza (flu), coryza (common cold), and tuberculosis (TB) by wearing a N-95 mask or HEPA mask or P100 mask. |
| INFLUENZA (flu) After signs (Sx) and symptoms (SX) of influenza appear, the flu can be transmitted: | for seven (7) days. |
| Transmitted means: | spread. |
| Signs and symptoms of influenza include: | 1. Fatigue which means loss of energy. |
| Signs and symptoms of influenza include: | 2. Chills and pyrexia which means fever. |
| Signs and symptoms of influenza include: | 3. Tussis (cough) and/or pharyngitis which means inflammation of the throat. |
| Signs and symptoms of influenza include: | 4. Nasal congestion (stuffiness) and rhinorrhea which means nasal discharge (flow) |
| Signs and symptoms of influenza include: | 5. Myalgia which means muscle pain. |
| Signs and symptoms of influenza include: | 6. Cephalgia which means headache (HA). |
| Signs and symptoms of influenza include: | 7. Loose watery stools called diarrhea. |
| Signs and symptoms of influenza include: | 8. N + V which stands for nausea and vomiting. |
| The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that you stay home and avoid contact with others for at least 24 hours after: | your pyrexia discontinues without the use of antipyretic medications. |
| Antipyretic medications are: | fever reducers. |
| Since influenza (flu) and coryza (common cold) are transmitted (spread) primarily by the respiratory system, direct contact with clients and staff requires the use of a: | mask and washing your hands properly before and after physical contact with a client. |
| BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS: Bloodborne pathogens include: | HIV which stands for the human immunodeficiency virus. |
| The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can cause: | AIDS which stands for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. |
| Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) occurs (happens) when the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes a person infected to become: | immunocompromised which means weakened immune system. |
| The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a fragile virus and can survive only seconds to minutes: | outside the body. |
| The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): | will die immediately if exposed to sunlight or dry environment. |
| The average "window period" for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is: | three (3) to twelve (12) weeks. |
| The "window period" is the time between exposure (contact) with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and: | detection (discovery) with a blood test. |
| Blood tests to detect (discover) the human immunodeficiency virus (HI) include: | 1. ELISA |
| Blood tests to detect (discover) the human immunodeficiency virus (HI) include: | 2. Western blot. |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing must be corroborated which means: | verified (double checked). |
| If a client is diagnosed as "HIV positive" the health care provider (HCP) must report the diagnosis to the: | health department. |
| The health department will remove all personal client information and send the test results t the CDC which stands for: | Centers for Disease Control (www.cdc.gov). |
| A person infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can transmit (spread) the virus to others during the: | "window period". |
| The average "window period" for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is: | three (3) to twelve (12) weeks. |
| The average "incubation period" for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is: | 2-10 years. |
| The incubation period is the time between acquiring (getting) the HIV and the development of AIDS which stands for: | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. |
| Diagnosis (Dx) of AIDS occurs when: | 1. A blood test reveals (shows) a CD4 T lymphocyte count below 200 mm3. |
| Diagnosis (Dx) of AIDS occurs when: | 2. Microorganisms begin taking advantage of the weakened immune system causing OI which stands for opportunistic infecctions. |
| Opportunistic infections (OI) associated with AIDS include: | a. Viral and bacterial pulmonary (lung) infections causing inflammation of a/the lungs called pneumonia and TB which stands for tuberculosis. |
| Opportunistic infections (OI) associated with AIDS include: | b. Candidiasis which means fungal infection of the oral cavity (thrush), trachea (windpipe), lungs, esophagus, integument (skin) and vagina (yeast infection). |
| Opportunistic infections (OI) associated with AIDS include: | c. Herpetic stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) caused by HSV1 which stands for herpes simplex virus 1 aka cold sores (fever blisters). |
| Opportunistic infections (OI) associated with AIDS include: | d. Cervical (uterine) and lymphatic malignancies which are cancers that spread. |
| Opportunistic infections (OI) associated with AIDS include: | e. A skin malignancy abbreviated KS which stands for Kaposi's sarcoma. |
| Treatment (Tx) for the HIV + AIDS includes: | antiviral medications to reduce the virus' ability to proliferate which means rapidly reproduce. |
| Antiviral medications to treat the HIV and AIDS are called: | highly active antiretroviral therapy abbreviated HAART. |
| HAART (anti-HIV/AIDS) medications are commonly given in combination called an: | "AIDS cocktail". |
| HAART (anti-HIV/AIDS medications: | must be taken faithfully every day to prevent the HIV from developing a resistance (defense) to the medications. |
| Bloodborne pathogens include: | 1. HBV which stands for the hepatitis B virus. |
| Bloodborne pathogens include: | 2. HCV which stands for the hepatitis C virus. |
| The hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause: | degeneration of the liver called cirrhosis. |
| Degeneration means: | loss of function aka deterioration. |
| Cirrhosis (liver degeneration) can be exacerbated (worsened) by consuming: | a. Alcohol aka ethanol. |
| Cirrhosis (liver degeneration) can be exacerbated (worsened) by consuming: | b. OTC medications such as Motrin (ibuprofen) and/or Tylenol (acetaminophen). |
| The HIV and HBV and HCV can be destroyed by using a solution of: | 1 part bleach to 4 parts water. |
| Blood-borne pathogens such as the HIV, HBV, and HCV can be found in: | human body fluids except perspiration and tears. |
| The most common way to transmit (spread) the HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV is through: | sexual contact. |
| The sexual partner at greater risk of contracting (catching) the HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV is the: | receptive partner. |
| HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV can be transmitted (spread) by sharing: | injectable drug equipment and/or razors and/or toothbrushes. |
| HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV can be transmitted (spread) by contaminated (dirty): | acupuncture needles and/or nail files and/or body piercing needles and/or tattoo needles. |
| HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV can be transmitted (spread) in clotting factors used to treat the coagulopathy (clotting disease) called: | hemophilia. |
| Adolescents (ages 13-19) are at higher risk of contracting the HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV due to poor education about: | safer sex techniques. |
| Adolescents are at higher risk of contracting the HIV and/or HBV and/or HCV because they use unprotected oral and anal sexual techniques more often to reduce: | pregnancy risk. |
| People over age 50 are more at risk of contracting (catching) the HIV and or HBV and/or HCV because of the false perception that this disease affects only: | younger people and/or drug addicts and/or homosexuals. |
| HIV and or HBV and/or HCV cannot be transmitted (spread) by: | Shaking hands, blood sucking insects such as mosquitos, French kissing, sitting on a toilet, donating blood or using a telephone. Mosquitos Fre |
| HIV and or HBV and/or HCV cannot be transmitted (spread) by: | A dog bite, swimming in a public pool, eating in a restaurant, someone crying on you, riding on a bus, train or plane, someone coughing or sneezing on you. |
| HIV and or HBV and/or HCV cannot be transmitted by: | Sharing clothes or using a hot tub. |
| HIV and or HBV and/or HCV sexual transmission (spread) is reduced by: | 1. No sexual contact with another called abstinence (no risk). |
| HIV and or HBV and/or HCV sexual transmission (spread) is reduced by: | 2. Mutually exclusive sexual contact with an uninfected person called monogamy (no risk)>. |
| HIV and or HBV and/or HCV sexual transmission (spread) is reduced by: | 3. Self stimulation called masturbation (no risk). |
| HIV and or HBV and/or HCV sexual transmission (spread) is reduced by: | 4. Barriers that include male and female condoms (slight risk). |
| CONDOMS: Condom failure is usually caused by: | human error. |
| Condom failure can be reduced by checking the condom's: | expiration date. |
| Condom failure can be reduced by using condoms made of: | latex or polyurethane. |
| Do not use condoms labeled: | "natural skin" or "lambskin". |
| Condom failure can occur (happen) by opening the package with: | scissors or teeth or artificial (acrylic) nails. |
| Condom failure can occur if they are stored in a warm or hot environment such as: | glove compartment or wallet. |
| Condom failure can be reduced by correct placement of the condom before any: | sexual contact. |
| Condom failure ca be reduced if a male condom is placed by: | rolling the condom over an erect penis. |
| Condom failure can be reduced with the use of non-oxynol 9: | which is a spermicide. |
| Condom failure can be reduced if the male withdraws immediately after: | ejaculationl |
| Condon failure can be reduced by: | not reusing condoms. |
| Condom failure can be reduced by using water soluble lubricants such as: | KY-Jelly. |
| Petroleum based lubricants such as Vaseline break down a: | latex. |
| LEGAL ISSUES: No HIV and or HBV and/or HCV testing shall be performed without: | informed consent from the client. |
| Informed consent means: | the procedure must be explained in a way that the client understands completely. |
| HIV and or HBV and/or HCV testing without consent can be obtained for: | sex crimes such as rape or incest or prostitution. |
| HIV and or HBV and/or HCV test results are: | privileged aka confidential (private). |
| Penalties for breaching HIV and or HBV and/or HCV test confidentiality include: | 1. A fine of up to $25,000. |
| Penalties for breaching HIV and or HBV and/or HCV test confidentiality include: | 2. Loss of license (certification). |
| Penalties for breaching HIV and or HBV and/or HCV test confidentiality include: | 3. Civil liability which means lawsuit. |
| UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS: Universal precautions are infection control guidelines that treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they contain: | bloodborne pathogens. |
| By law, PPE is to be provided free of charge and in your size by your: | employer. |
| PPE stands for: | personal protective equipment. |
| Laws regarding safety and health in the workplace are created and enforced by a federal agency called OSHA which stands for: | Occupational Safety and Health Administration (www.osha.gov). |
| Whenever there is a possibility of your hands touching human body fluids (except perspiration and tears) the health care provider (HCP) must don (put on): | examination (exam) gloves. |
| When donning examination gloves, the HCP should always check for: | holes and tears. |
| Whenever there is a possibility of splashing or spraying of human body fluids (except perspiration and tears), the HCP must don: | examination gloves and eye protection and mask and gown. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 1. The red liquid that circulates through arteries and veins called blood. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 2. Mucus discharged (released) from the oral cavity (mouth) called saliva. |
| PPE stands for: | personal protective equipment. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 3. Expectorated phlegm aka sputum. Expectorated means cough up. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 4. Regurgitated stomach contents called emesis or vomit. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 5. Fluids discharged from the male reproductive system called semen. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 6. Fluids discharged from the female reproductive system called vaginal secretions. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 7. Fluid discharged by the kidneys called urine. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 8. Defecated waste called stool or feces or BM which stands for bowel movement. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 9. Fluid discharged (released) during lactation called breast milk. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 10. Fluid discharged when a pregnant woman's "water breaks" called amniotic fluid. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 11. Amniotic fluid aspirated (suctioned) during a surgical procedure of the amnion called amniocentesis. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 12. CSF which stands for cerebrospinal fluid obtained during a LP which stands for lumbar puncture aka spinal tap. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 13. Pleural fluid aspirated during a surgical procedure called pleurocentesis. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 14. Synovial fluid aspirated during a surgical puncture of a joint called arthrocentesis. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 15. Peritoneal fluid aspirated during a surgical procedure of the abdomen called abdominocentesis. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 16. Pericardial fluid aspirated (suctioned) during a surgical procedure of the pericardium (sac surrounding the heart) called pericardiocentesis. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 17. Any fluid containing blood. |
| Body fluids that require PPE include: | 18. Any fluid that is unidentifiable. |
| When removing your PPE, examination (exam) gloves should be removed: | first (1st). |
| Examination gloves are removed by only touching the outside of the first glove removed and only touching the inside of the second glove removed and turning the gloves: | inside out as you remove them. |
| After removal, examination gloves must be immediately discarded (disposed of) in a: | biohazard (medical waste) bag. |
| Biohazard (medical waste) means the possibility of containing disease creating (microorganisms) called: | pathogens. |
| Wash your hands immediately after discarding your: | examination gloves. |
| Discarding means: | throwing away or disposing of. |
| When removing your PPE, mask and eye protection should be removed: | second (2nd). |
| When removing your mask and eye protection, only touch the: | handles and/or straps. |
| The mask and eye protection must be immediately discarded (disposed of) in a: | biohazard (medical waste) bag. |
| When removing PPE, the gown should be removed: | last. |
| The gown should be removed by: | turning it inside out and rolling it into a ball. |
| Wash your hands immediately after: | discarding your gown. |
| BIOHAZARD (MEDICAL WASTE) BAGS: Biohazard (medical waste) bags are for discarding any non-sharp disposable single-use) items having the potential (ability) of containing human body fluids except: | perspiration and tears. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of a biohazard bag include: | 1. Usually color coded red. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of a biohazard bag include: | 2. Resistant to leaks (leak resistant). |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of a biohazard bag include: | 3. Ability to be closed (closable). |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of a biohazard bag include: | 4. Labeled as biohazard. |
| A biohazard (medical waste) bag that is broken open or contaminated on the outside must be: | double bagged. |
| Contaminated means: | dirty. |
| SHARPS CONTAINERS: Sharp containers are for discarding (throwing away) any disposable (single-use) item having the potential (ability) to: | cut or puncture. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of a sharps container include: | 1. Usually color coded red. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of a sharps container include: | 2. Puncture resistant. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of a sharps container include: | 3. Leak resistant. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of a sharps container include: | 4. Closable. |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of a sharps container include: | 5. Labeled as biohazard. |
| Sharps containers are closed and replaced when: | two thirds full. |
| To prevent accidental contamination, biohazard is stored in a: | secured area called the dirty utility room. |
| Biohazard (medical waste) means the possibility of containing: | disease creating microorganisms (microbes) called pathogens |
| Biohazard is routinely collected by an approved biohazard disposal company to be: | incinerated. |
| Incinerated means: | destroy by burning. |
| MISCELLANEOUS PRECAUTIONS: Never recap contaminated needles because you could easily: | puncture your skin. |
| Contaminated (dirty) needles must be immediately discarded in a: | sharps container. |
| Sharps containers are for discarding (throwing away) any disposable (single-use) item having the potential (ability) to: | cut or puncture. |
| Broken glass must be picked up with a: | dust pan and broom or two (2) pieces of cardboard. |
| The following acts are forbidden (not allowed) in a medical setting: | 1. Ingesting aka eating. |
| The following acts are forbidden (not allowed) in a medical setting: | 2. Deglutition of liquids aka drinking. |
| The following acts are forbidden (not allowed) in a medical setting: | 3. Inhaling burnt tobacco aka smoking. |
| The following acts are forbidden (not allowed) in a medical setting: | 4. Application (use of) cosmetics aka makeup. |
| The following acts are forbidden (not allowed) in a medical setting: | 5. Application of oral labia medication aka lip balm. |
| The following acts are forbidden (not allowed) in a medical setting: | 6. Insertio and removal of corneal lenses aka contact lenses. |
| Eating, drinking, smoking, application of cosmetics and lip balm and insertion and removal of contact lenses are forbidden because these acts involve bringing your hands to your: | face. |
| The face is a concern (worry) because of the mucous membranes(linings) in the: | conjunctivae (eyes) and nasal cavities (nose) and oral cavity (mouth). |
| The HIV and HBV and HCV can enter the body through: | mucous membranes (linings) |
| The HIV and HBV and HCV can enter the body through: | non-intact skin called an open wound. |
| HIV stands for: | human immunodeficiency virus. |
| HBV stands for: | herpes B virus |
| HCV stands for | herpes C virus. |
| If your job description puts you at risk of coming in contact with potentially infectious material, your employer must provide, at no cost to you, the: | HBV immunization series (3 injections). |
| Immunization is aka: | vaccination or inoculation. |
| If body fluids (except perspiration and tears) touch your skin and/or mucous membranes of your eyes, nose, or oral cavity (mouth) you must immediately: | 1. Flush thoroughly (completely) with a continuous flow of water called an irrigation. |
| If body fluids (except perspiration and tears) touch your skin and/or mucous membranes of your eyes, nose, or oral cavity (mouth) you must immediately: | 2. Report the incident to your supervisor. |
| If body fluids (except perspiration and tears) touch your skin and/or mucous membranes of your eyes, nose, or oral cavity (mouth) you must immediately: | 3. Complete and submit (deliver) an official written statement of the accident called an incident report. |
| BIOHAZARD SPILL CLEAN UP: Biohazard spill clean up includes: | 1. Blocking off the biohazard spill area until clean up and disinfection are complete. |
| Biohazard spill clean up includes: | 2. Donning eye protection, mask, gown, examination gloves and reusable rubber gloves. |
| Biohazard spill clean up includes: | 3. Wiping up the biohazard spill using paper towels or absorbent material and discarding (disposing of) in a biohazard bag. |
| Biohazard spill clean up includes: | 4. Gently pouring or spraying liquid bleach on the contaminated surface and let remain for twenty (20) seconds. |
| Liquid bleach is a combination of: | sodium hypochlorite and water. |
| Biohazard spill clean up includes: | 5. Wiping up the remaining liquid bleach with paper towels and discarding (disposing of) in a biohazard (medical waste) bag. |
| Biohazard spill clean up includes: | 6. Placing all non-disposable cleaning materials such as reusable gloves, mops, and scrub brushes in liquid bleach and allowing to air dry. |
| The ratio (amount) of liquid bleach is: | 1 part liquid bleach to 4 parts of water. |
| Biohazard spill clean up includes: | 7. Removing your PPE and immediately discarding in a biohazard bag. |
| Biohazard spill clean up includes: | Washing your hands properly. |
| ISOLATION: Isolation is the separation of individuals who can easily transmit (spread): | communicable diseases. |
| Communicable means: | contagious or infectious. |
| TYPES OF ISOLATION INCLUDE: | 1. Separation of individuals known or suspected to be infected with a pathogen transmitted by exhalation (breathing out) calld airborne pathogens. |
| Airborne precautions include: | a. Placing the client in a private isolation room with negative air pressure and high efficiency air filtration. |
| Isolation is the separation of individuals who can easily transmit: | communicable (contagious) diseases. |
| Airborne precautions include: | b. washing your hands properly before entering the private isolation room and immediately after leaving the private isolation room. |
| Airborne precautions include: | c. Donning a mask such as a: N-95 mask orHEPA mask or P100 mask. |
| Airborne precautions include: | d. Informing the client to cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing and immediately discarding the tissue. |
| Airborne precautions include: | e. Having the client wear a mask when they are transported out of the private isolation room. |
| Types of isolation include: | 2. Separation of individuals known or suspected to be infected with a pathogen transmitted by touch called contact precautions. |
| Contact precautions include: | a. Placing the client in a private isolation room |
| Contact precautions include: | b. Washing your hands properly before entering the private isolation room and immediately after leaving the private isolation room. |
| Contact precautions include: | c. Donning examination gloves and gowns if there is a possibility of touching anything inside the private isolation room. |
| Types of isolation include: | 3. Separation of immunocompromised individuals called reverse isolation or protective isolation. |
| Immunocompromised means: | weakened immune system. |
| Reverse (protective) isolation precautions include: | a. placing the client in a private isolation room with positive air pressure and high efficiency air filtration. |
| Reverse (protective) isolation precautions include: | b. Washing your hands properly before entering the private isolation room and immediately after leaving the private isolation room. |
| Reverse (protective) isolation precautions include: | c. Donning (putting on) examination gloves and mask and gown. |
| Reverse (protective) isolation precautions include: | d. All items entering the private isolation room are free of pathogens. |
| The authority on infection control in a healthcare setting is called an: | epidemiologist. |
| An epidemiologist investigates and reports HAI which stands for: | healthcare acquired infections aka nosocomial infections. |
| An agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) responsible for the control of communicable (contagious) diseases is abbreviated CDCP which stands for: | Center for Disease Control and Prevention). |
Created by:
bterrelonge
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