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Unit 3 Test
MU BSC 105
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Glands secrete _________. | Hormones |
| ___________- glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. | Endocrine |
| Where are the adrenal glands located in the human body? | On top of the kidneys |
| What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism? | Weight gain without trying, depression, fatigue, and puffiness of face, hands, and feet, hair loss |
| What are some symptoms of hyperthyroidism? | Weight-loss, increased appetite, fatigue, high-blood pressure, nervousness, and irregular menstrual periods in women |
| Sex cells are called _________. | Gametes |
| What is the female gamete? | Egg or ovum |
| What is the male gamete? | Sperm |
| Where are eggs found? | Ovaries |
| Where are sperm found? | Testes |
| What are the 5 major taste receptors? | Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami |
| Why is there no vision in our blind spot? | We have no rods or cones |
| If you can see far away, but not close up, what kind of vision do you have? | Farsightedness |
| If you can see up close, but not far away, what kind of vision do you have? | Nearsightedness |
| What are the 3 layers of the eye? | Sclera, choroid, and retina |
| What is the outermost portion of the eye? | sclera |
| What is the middle portion of the eye? | Choroid |
| What is the innermost layer of the eye? | Retina |
| What are the 2 photoreceptors in the retina? | Rods and cones |
| Which photoreceptor is in charge of color vision? Rods or cones? | Cones |
| What layer of the eye is the iris found in? | Choroid |
| What is the anterior compartment of the eye composed of? | Aqueous fluid |
| What causes glaucoma? | Aqueous fluid build up |
| What are the 3 divisions of the ear? | Outer, middle, and inner |
| What are the 3 ossicles? | Malleus, incus, and stapes |
| What is the basic structural unit of a muscle? | Sarcomere |
| List and define the 4 major functional characteristics of muscles? | Contractility-Shorten with force Excitability-respond to stimulus Extensibility- stretch Elasticity- recoil |
| What are fibers that fatigue quickly? | Fast-twitch fibers |
| What are fibers that are slow to fatigue? | Slow-twitch fibers |
| Throwing a ball is an example of ___________ motion? | Isotonic (muscle length changes, but force does not) |
| What is isometric motion? | Length of the does not change but the force does |
| What is the connective tissue sheath directly on the muscle? | Epimysium |
| What is the most stationary end of the muscle? | Origin |
| What is another term for chewing? | Mastication |
| How are muscle names descriptive? | They are named according to size, shape, location, orientation of fibers, origin, insertion, and function. |
| What muscles change the shape of the tongue? | Intrinsic tongue muscles |
| What muscles move the tongue? | Extrinsic tongue msucles |
| What is the strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexors and extensor tendons and holds them in p0lace around the wrist like a bracelet? | Retinaculum |
| What muscle comprises the buttocks? | Gluteus maximus |
| What muscle flexes the thigh and is also known as the 'tailor's muscle?" | Sartorius |
| What flexes the wrist? | Flexor carpi |
| What flexes the fingers? | Flexor digitorium |
| What extends the wrist? | Extensor carpi |
| What extends the fingers? | Extensor digitorium |
| What is the calf muscle? | Gastrocnemius |
| What is the upper chest muscle? | Pectoralis major |
| What muscle raises the eyebrows? | Occipitofrontalis |
| What muscle closes the eyelids and causes crow's feet? | Orbicularis oculi |
| What is the lateral neck muscle and the prime mover of the neck? | Sternocleidomastoid |
| What is the smiling muscle? | Zygomaticus |
| What is the frowning muscle? | Depressor anguli oris |
| What is the sneering muscle? | Levator labii superioris |
| Lack of iodine can cause a __________ to form on the neck region. | Goiter |
| What are the 2 types of movement? | Voluntary and Involuntary |
| What is isotonic movement? | The muscle length changes, but the force does not |
| List 2 STD's | Chlamydia , Gonorrhea, HPV, and HIV. |
| What are all symptoms of chlamydia? | Men may experience a mild burning sensation on urination or a mucoid discharge 18 to 21 days after infection. Women may experience a vaginal discharge and symptoms of a urinary tract infection and cervical ulcerations. Could be asymptomatic |
| What are all symptoms of Gonorrhea? | Pain upon urination and thick, greenish yellow, urethral discharge. In females, pelvic inflammation that could lead to damage to reproductive structures Usually characterized by pain, and pus and blood in feces. |
| List 2 ways to prevent STD's | Abstinence and protected (safe) sex |
| List 2 causes of infertility | Low sperm count, endometriosis, hormonal issues, STD's, and genetic factors such as Klinefelter's or Turner's |
| What is the neurotransmitter that is found in the synaptic vesicles called? | Acetylcholine |
| List 2 muscles in which injections are given. | Deltoid and Gluteus Medius |
| What is the hip muscle? | Gluteus medius |
| What can a lack of iodine lead to? | Goiters |
| Where do goiters usually form? | In the neck region |
| What kind of medicine do diabetics usually take? | Insulin |
| What are the two types of diabetes and explain the differences between the 2? | Type 1-Usually onset in juveniles, the pancreas does not produce insulin. Type 2- Usually onset in adults, mostly due to being overweight or obese, the pancreas produces some insulin, but not enough to provide for the body's needs |
| What hormones does the pituitary gland produce? | Oxytocin (growth hormone) |
| What hormone does the adrenal glands produce? | Cortisol |
| What hormone does the pancreas produce? | Insulin |
| What hormone does the testes produce? | Testosterone |
| What hormone does the ovaries produce? | Estrogen |
| What muscle flattens the cheeks and is also known as Trumpeter's muscles? | Buccinator |
| What are the 2 kissing muscles? | Buccinator and orbicularis oris |
| What muscles puckers the lips? | Orbicularis oris |
| What attaches muscles to bones? | Tendons |
| If one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing desired movement among synergists, what is that muscle called? | Prime mover |
| What are muscles that work in opposition to each other called? | Antagonists |
| What are muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements called? | Synergists |
| Do muscles only have 1 head? | No, they can have multiple heads or insertion points |
| What is the portion of muscle between the origin and insertion called? | Belly |
| What is the insertion point of the muscle? | The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| What is the origin of the muscle? | Most stationary end of the muscle |
| What are the two main points of attachment for a muscle? | Insertion and origin |
| What motions do the sternocleidomastoid allow for? | Rotation and abduction |
| How many pairs of mastication muscles do we have? | 4 |
| What hormone does the thyroid produce? | Thyroxine |
| What hormone does the parathyroid produce? | Parathormone |
| What hormone does the thymus produce? | Thymosine |
| What hormone does the pineal gand produce? | Melatonin |
| What are the 4 pairs of mastication muscles? | 2 pairs of pterygoids, 1 pair of temporalis muscles, and 1 pair of masseter muscles |
| What is involuntary movement? | You don't have to think to do it (heartbeat and breathe) |
| What is voluntary movement? | You have to think about it to do it (movement) |
| What is the shoulder muscle? | Deltoid |
| What is the abdominal muscles called? | Rectus abdominis |
| What are the anterior arm muscles called? | Biceps brachii |
| What are the posterior arm muscles called? | Triceps brachii |
| What are the anterior thigh muscles? | Quadriceps |
| What are the posterior thigh muscles? | Hamstrings |
| What is the triangular back muscles? | Trapezius |
| What is the swimmers muscles? | Latissimus dorsi |
| What empties glands to the surface? | Exocrine glands |
| What is the thin myofilament? | Actin |
| What is the thick myofilament? | Myosin |
| What are the ear bones called? | Ossicles |
| What gland is found beneath the sternum? | Thymus |
| What does oxytocin promote? | Uterine contractions |
| What is the smallest region of the brainstem? | Midbrain |
| What is the neck of the uterus called? | Cervix |
| What glands produce milk? | Mammary |
| What type of STD is gonorrhea? | Bacterial STD |
| What are some viral STD's? | Herpes, HIV, and AIDS |
| True/False: Axons move away from the action potential. | True |
| What type of muscle is voluntary? | Skeletal |
| What are some symptoms of HPV? | Genital warts or blistering, Cancer, or tumors on genitalia |
| What shape is each muscle fiber? | Cylindrical |
| What are the numerous bundles that make up muscles called? | Fasciculi |
| What surrounds each individual muscle fiber? | Endomysium |
| What are myofibrils? | Threadlike structures that fill the cytoplasm |
| What are the two major protein fibers? | Actin and myosin |
| What does actin resemble? | 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together |
| What does myosin resemble? | Bundles of minute golf clubs |
| What does actin and myosin form? | Sarcomeres |
| What defines a sarcomere? | Z line to Z line |
| What is found on each side of the Z line? | I band |
| What does the I band consist of? | Actin |
| What is the loose connective tissue sheath that surrounds the fasciculi called? | Perimysium |
| How does the arrangement of actin and myosin affect the appearance of the sarcomere? | It has a banded appearance |
| What is the darker central region of the sarcomere? | A band |
| What does the A band consist of? | Myosin |
| What is the light zone in the center of each sarcomere? | H zone |
| What does the H zone consist of? | Myosin |
| What is the dark staining line in the center of the sarcomere? | M line |
| Where are the myosin myofilaments anchored at? | M line |
Created by:
bmfortn1
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