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Unit 4 Judicial
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| concurrent jurisdiction | Authority shared by both federal and state courts |
| original jurisdiction | The authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case |
| appellate jurisdiction | Authority of a court to hear a case that is appealed from a lower court |
| litigant | A person engaged in a lawsuit |
| due process clause | Fourteenth Amendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law |
| grand jury | A group that hears charges against a suspect and decides whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial |
| indictment | A formal charge by a grand jury |
| petit jury | A trial jury, usually consisting of 6 or 12 people, that weighs the evidence presented at a trial and renders a verdict |
| judicial circuit | A region containing a United States appellate court |
| senatorial courtesy | A system in which the president submits the name of a candidate for judicial appointment to the senators from the candidate’s state before formally submitting it for full Senate approval |
| riding the circuit | Traveling to hold court in a justice’s assigned region of the country |
| opinion | A written explanation of a Supreme Court decision; also, in some states, a written interpretation of a state constitution or state laws by the state attorney general |
| writ of certiorari | An order from the Supreme Court to a lower court to send up the records on a case for review |
| per curiam opinion | A brief, unsigned statement of a Supreme Court decision |
| brief | A written statement setting forth the legal arguments, relevant facts, and precedents supporting one side of a case |
| amicus curiae | Latin for “friend of the court”; a written brief from an individual or group claiming to have information useful to a court’s consideration of a case |
| majority opinion | The Court’s decision expressing the views of the majority of justices |
| dissenting opinion | The opinion expressed by a minority of justices in a court case |
| judicial review | The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional |
| impound | Refuse to spend money |
| stare decisis | A Latin term meaning “let the decision stand”; the principle that once the Court rules on a case, its decision serves as a precedent on which to base other decisions |
| precedent | A model on which to base later decisions or actions |
| advisory opinion | A ruling on a law or action that has not been challenged |
| bloc | A coalition that promotes a common interest |
| swing vote | The deciding vote |
Created by:
perryherbst
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